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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A malignant ds of blood-forming organs; 8% of cancers
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LEUKEMIA
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Most common leukemia in children and young adults
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LYMPHATIC LEUKEMIA 80%
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Risk factors to leukemia
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BENZENE, ALKYLATING AGENTS, DOWN SYNDROME, HTLV-1
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Pathophysiology of leukemia
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uncontrolled leukocyte production, undifferentiated leuks (blasts) with infiltration of blood forming organs
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Classification of leukemias
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morphological characteristics thru staining of blast cells
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50% of marrow cells are immature
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ACUTE LEUKEMIA
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Two forms of acute leukemia
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LYMPHOCYTIC AND NONLYMPHOCYTIC
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A reduction in all cellular components of the blood
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PANCYTOPENIA
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Most common in children (11 yrs)
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all
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Common in adults (67 yrs)
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aml
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Involves rapid accumulation of hematopoietic stem cells
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AML
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HX involves military and powerplants, radiation, meds
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AML
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s/s sudden hi-fever, bruising, petecheae, bleeding, blurred vision, DIC
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AML
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defect in hematopoietic stem cells
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AML
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drugs for AML
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IDARUBICIN, NOVANTRONE, CYTOSAR
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complication of radiation in AML patients
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TUMOR LYSIS SYNDROME
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treatment of AML
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drugs, BMT, PRBC, RADIATION, CHEMO
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Hallmark sign of AML
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neutropenia
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Characterized by uncontrollable spread of small B lymphocytes
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CLL
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Most common in US leukemia
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CLL
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Least malignant form of leukemia; takes as long as 15 yrs
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CLL
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Characterized by abnormal overgrowth of myeloblasts
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CML
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Mutating myeloid stem cells
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CML
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Has two phases: insidious chronic phase and acute (blast) phase
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CML
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Drugs to treat CML
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IMATINIB, INTERFERON
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Drugs to treat CLL
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fludarabine, CHLORAMBUCIL, RITUXIMAB
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Enlarged lymph nodes, anemia, ITP, hemolytic anemia, ANERGY, herpes
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CLL
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Drugs to treat ALL
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IMATINIB, CAMPATH
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Presence of philly or chromosome 22
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CML
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Results from abnormal production of granulocytic cells
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CML
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Presence of REED-Sternberg cells
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HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
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Suspects EPSTEIN-Barr virus, MONO, JEWS
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HODGKIN’s lymphoma
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Painless progressive enlargement of LN, with increased lymphocytes, histiocytes and eosinophils and REED Sternberg giant cells
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HODGKIN’S
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Non-productive cough with mediastinal mass in 50% of patients
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HODGKINS
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Presence of B-symptoms
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HODGKINS
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Treatment for hodgkin’s
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radiation/chemo, combo
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Presence of neoplastic growth of lymphoid tissue
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NON-HODGKIN’S
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Random proliferation of lymphocytes originating from lymphoid cells
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non-HODGKIN’S
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7X MORE COMMON than hodgkin’s; 60X ON aids pts
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non-HODGKINS
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6th common cause of cancer/deaths
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non-HODGKINS
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What are B symptoms
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fever, night sweats, weight loss > 10%
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Abnormal mass of tissue that harms host organism
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NEOPLASM
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A stem cell disorder within the bone marrow
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A stem cell disorder within the bone marrow
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Caused by increased platelet production
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SECONDARY THROMBOCYTOPENIA
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Can result from decreased production, increased destruction/consumption of platelets
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THROMBOCYTOPENIA
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Phagocytic engulfement of platelets due to
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ITP
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Caused by genetic defect that results in deficient or defective factor VIII
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Hemophilia A-eight
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Caused by genetic defect that results in deficient or defective factor IX
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Hemophilia B-nine
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A defect in a factor that necessitates adhesion of factor VIII
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Von Willebrand’s Ds
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Medical goals for hemophilia
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STOP BLEEDING, RAISE AHF by infusion of VIII and IX (Eight/nine)
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Therapies for blood disorders
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SPLENECTOMY, APHERESIS, PHLEBOTOMY, TRANSFUSIONS
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Transfusion complications
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fever, hemolysis, allergic rxn, circulatory overload, infection, lung injury, delayed hemolytic rxn, iron toxicity, long-term complications
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Life threatening disorder in which bleeding and coagulation occur simultaneously
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DIC
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Disorder with presence of microclots in capillaries, micro-infarcts, FDPs
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DIC
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Occurs as a response to shock, trauma, cirrhosis, conditions releasing factor III such as fat emboli, snake bits, abruption placenta, IUFD
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DIC
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Can occur with women who developed PIH
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DIC
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Lab values for DIC
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PLATELETS <100,000 , FIBRINOGEN <150, PTT >15 SECS, POSITIVE D-DIMERS
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How to correct DIC
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PRBCs, FFP, Cryoprecipitate, Platelets, Heparin, Bleeding control
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When to use heparin (low dose 300-500) in DIC
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acute renal failure and/or skin ischemia
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DIC is marked by :
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CLOTTING AND HEMMORHAGE (BLEEDING)
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