Lesson One

Front 1

Control Service

Back 1

Controlled airspace of defined dimensions extending upwards from the surface of the earth to 3000 feet AAE rounded to the nearest 100 feet, unless otherwise specified.

Front 2

AIRMET

Back 2

Short-term meteorological information intended primarily for aircraft in flight, to notify pilots of potentially hazardous weather conditions not described in the current area forecast and not requiring a SIGMET.

Front 3

Airport Control Service

Back 3

The control service provided by airport control towers to airport traffic.

Front 4

Airport Traffic

Back 4

All traffic on the manoeuvring area of an airport and all aircraft flying in the vicinity of an airport.

Front 5

Apron

Back 5

That part of an aerodrome, other than the manoeuvring area, intended to accommodate the loading and unloading of passengers and cargo, the refuelling, servicing, maintenance and parking of aircraft, and any movement of aircraft, vehicles and pedestrians necessary for such purposes.

Front 6

ATIS

Back 6

The provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft, by means of a continuous and repetitive recorded broadcasts throughout the day, or specified portion of the day.

Front 7

NOTAM

Back 7

A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations.

Front 8

Radar Service

Back 8

The term used to indicate a service provided directly by means of radar.

Front 9

Radar Service (Radar Advisory)

Back 9

The provision of advice and information based on radar observations.

Front 10

Radar Service (Radar Control Service)

Back 10

The control of aircraft through the provision of radar vectors in order to establish required separation and or desired spacing between aircraft and between aircraft and obstructions.

Front 11

Radar Service (Radar Monitoring)

Back 11

The use of radar for the purpose of providing aircraft with information and advice relative to significant deviations from their normal flight path.

Front 12

Radar Service (Radar Navigational Assistance)

Back 12

The provision of position information, vectors, or track and ground speed checks.

Front 13

Radar Service (Radar Separation)

Back 13

Radar spacing of aircraft in accordance with established minima, with information derived from radar sources.

Front 14

Safety Alert

Back 14

Notification by an air traffic controller to an aircraft that it is at an altitude which, in the controllers judgement, places it in unsafe proximity to terrain, obstructions or other aircraft.

Front 15

SIGMET

Back 15

A weather warning issued concerning weather significant to the safety of aircraft.

Front 16

Tower Radar Area

Back 16

An area of defined dimensions surrounding an airport within which radar service is provided.

Front 17

Objective of Airport and VFR control service

Back 17

The objective of airport and VFR control service is to maintain a safe, orderly, and expeditious flow of air traffic under the control of a control tower.

Front 18

M301.2

Back 18

Apply separation between aircraft through consistent reference to and use of the follow three elements that are fundamental to safe, orderly and expeditious control.
- Planning
- Executing
- Monitoring

Front 19

VFR Control service is provided to...

Back 19

- Airport traffic operating on the manoeuvring area
- VFR aircraft operating within the control zone or tower radar area
- IFR aircraft for which the tower has responsibility for control

Front 20

M734.1

Back 20

Communicate only in the language initially chosen by the aircraft, unless:
- A specific request is received from the aircraft to change to the other language; or
- It is considered necessary for safety of flight (safety of flight may be considered in jeopardy if communications appear to be misunderstood)

Front 21

M734.2

Back 21

If you inadvertently initiate a call to an aircraft in the language not chosen by the pilot for communication:
- Return to the language originally being used as soon as you realize the error; and
- Confirm that communications transmitted in the wrong language were received and understood.

Front 22

M734.3

Back 22

If an aircraft initiates a call in the language not chosen initially for communications:
- Advise the pilot of the change in language; and
- Request confirmation of the language to be used
(Random switching from one language to another may result in confusion and cannot be permitted under normal operating conditions)

Front 23

M734.4

Back 23

If required, advise the aircraft that service in the French language is terminated.

Front 24

M735.1

Back 24

Use both languages, as required, if initiating radio contact with an aircraft whose choice of language has not been determined.

Front 25

M131.1

Back 25

Give priority to the provision of control service over other services. (R)

Front 26

M131.2

Back 26

Make every effort to provide the other services to the fullest possible extent

Front 27

M132.1:

Back 27

Normally, provide air traffic services on a “first come, first served” basis, as follows:
A. Clear aircraft to land or take off in the order in which they are ready except that
you may adjust the sequence in order to facilitate the maximum number of
aircraft with the least average delay.
However, give priority to the following
1. An aircraft that has declared an emergency.
2. An aircraft that appears to be in a state of emergency but is apparently
unable to inform you.
3. Medical evacuation flights. (N)(R)
4. Military or civilian aircraft participating in search and rescue (SAR) missions
and identified by the radiotelephony call sign RESCUE and the designator
RSCU followed by an appropriate flight number.(N)
5. Open Skies Treaty flights. (R)
6. Military aircraft departing on operational air defence flights or planned and
coordinated air defence exercises, unless an emergency condition prevails or
may be caused by the departure. (R)

Front 28

M132.1 A. 3. Note 1:

Back 28

Medical priority handling is granted to international carriers as well as Canadian
carriers. Priority handling requests are indicated using the term MEDEVAC,
Lifeguard or Hospital.

Front 29

M132.1 A. 3. Note 2:

Back 29

U.S. Military AIR EVAC and MED EVAC flights are exceptions; priority is only granted on request.

Front 30

M132.1 A. 4. Note:

Back 30

The radiotelephony call sign RESCUE is only assigned to aircraft when tasked by the DND to carry out a search and rescue mission.

Front 31

M216.4

Back 31

Do not omit the priority term MEDEVAC for medical evacuation flights.

Front 32

M132.3:

Back 32

Give priority to aircraft carrying the Prime Minister, Heads of State, or Foreign Heads of Government over other aircraft, except those specified in 132.1, to the extent that flight safety and the expeditious flow of traffic will permit.

Front 33

M132.1 Note:

Back 33

Exceptions to “first come, first served” are permitted when it will increase overall efficiency and reduce the average delay. Factors that should be considered in
adjusting the traffic sequence include, among others;
A. type of approach intended;
B. types of aircraft and their relative performance;
C. any specified minimum departure interval between take offs;
D. routes to be followed after take off;
E. wake turbulence separation minima;
F. aircraft subject to ATFM.

Front 34

M132.7:

Back 34

Provide for the expeditious movement of aircraft departing on urgent police matters or active fire-fighting missions. (N)(R)
M132.7 Note:
Unless the aircraft departing on these missions request emergency handling, do not interrupt the normal movement of itinerant airport traffic. Local aircraft however, may be redirected to accommodate these departures.

Front 35

M161.1

Back 35

Provide flight information service to all known aircraft operating within a flight information region except if: (N)
A. the aircraft operator provides the service; or (N)(R)
B you are prevented from providing the service by an operational factor such
as one of the following:
1. traffic volume;
2. controller workload;
3. communication frequency congestion; or
4. radar equipment limitations.
M161.1 NOTE:
This service is provided before departure and while in flight whether aircraft are operating within or outside controlled airspace.
M161.1 A. NOTE:
An example of this is alerting services responsibilities when an aircraft is operating on a company flight itinerary.

Front 36

M161.2

Back 36

You need not inform an aircraft of your reason for not providing or for discontinuing flight information service in a particular case.

Front 37

M161.3

Back 37

Provide pertinent information that was not available to the aircraft before
departure or developments that have occurred subsequent to departure
concerning the following:
A. Severe weather conditions.
B. Volcanic eruptions or volcanic ash clouds. (N)
C. A change in the serviceability of a NAVAID.
D. The condition of an airport and associated facilities.
E. Other information that is pertinent to flight safety.

Front 38

M161.3 B. NOTE:

Back 38

Advance warning of volcanic activities will be relayed over the AFTN as Volcanic Ash Bulletins and updated with SIGMETs. MABB - AFTN - Aeronautical Fixed Telecommunication Network

Front 39

M161.4

Back 39

Provide IFR aircraft with pertinent information, in addition to that outlined in
161.3, concerning the following:
A. Weather conditions reported or forecast at destination or alternate airports.
B. Icing conditions.
C. the status of special use airspace outside of controlled airspace along the
flight planned route.
D. A collision hazard if the aircraft is operating outside of controlled airspace.

Front 40

M161.5

Back 40

You should request an aircraft that is provided collision hazard information to inform you of any avoiding action it takes. You should then provide this information to the other aircraft involved.

Front 41

M161.6

Back 41

Be alert for and warn pilots with whom you are able to communicate, whenever they appear to, unwittingly have entered or, be about to enter active Class F airspace.

Front 42

M161.7

Back 42

Provide VFR aircraft with pertinent information, in addition to that outlined in 161.3, concerning weather conditions along the route of flight that are likely to make VFR flight impracticable or hazardous.

Front 43

CARs 602.34

Back 43

(1) The appropriate cruising altitude or cruising flight level for an aircraft in level
cruising flight is determined in accordance with
(a) the magnetic track, in the Southern Domestic Airspace; and
(b) the true track, in the Northern Domestic Airspace.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), the pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall ensure that
the aircraft is operated at a cruising altitude or cruising flight level appropriate to
the track, as set out in the table to this section, unless the pilot-in-command is
assigned another altitude or flight level by an air traffic control unit and the aircraft is operated in level cruising flight
(a) at more than 3,000 feet AGL, in VFR flight; or
(b) in IFR flight.

Front 44

M161.10

Back 44

You should check each position report and flight plan received to determine that the altitude is appropriate to the direction of flight and inform the aircraft if a discrepancy is found.

Front 45

M162.1

Back 45

Provide all aircraft in the area concerned or that will be entering the area
concerned, with information pertaining to a severe weather condition, such as:
SIGMET;
AIRMET;
urgent PIREP;
a line squall;
microburst activity;

Front 46

M162.5

Back 46

Assist aircraft in areas of severe weather by:
A. relaying urgent PIREPs and significant PIREPs; (N)(R)
B. informing aircraft of alternate routes to avoid known areas of severe weather; and
C. expediting action on requests for route or altitude changes to avoid areas of severe weather.

Front 47

M162.5 A. NOTE:

Back 47

Significant PIREP information includes reports of strong frontal activity, squall lines, thunderstorms, light to moderate icing, wind shear and turbulence
(including clear air turbulence) of moderate intensity, or other conditions pertinent to flight safety.

Front 48

M162.6

Back 48

If issuing information on a radar-observed weather area, include the following
items: (P)
A. Size or extent of the area.
B. Position of the area in relation to the aircraft or a fix.
C. Relative speed and direction of movement if any.
D. Other known information, such as: (P)
1. altitudes likely to be affected;
2. intensity of precipitation; or
3. a possible alternate route.

Front 49

M164.1

Back 49

Provide all aircraft that will operate in the area concerned with information
concerning bird activity, including:
A. size or species of birds if known;
B. location;
C. direction of flight; and
D. altitude if known.

Front 50

M164.2

Back 50

Base bird activity information on:
A. a visual observation;
B. a pilot report; or
C. a radar observation confirmed by:
1. a visual observation; or
2. a pilot report.

Front 51

M164.3

Back 51

You should warn an aircraft of the possibility of bird activity if you have unconfirmed radar observation that you believe to be a flock of birds (P)

Front 52

M322.1

Back 52

Inform concerned aircraft of the following conditions of which you have been made aware:
A. Construction or maintenance work on or near the manoeuvring area.
B. Rough parts of the manoeuvring area.
C. Flooded or slippery parts of the manoeuvring area and braking action (including CRFI) reports.
D. Obstructions, including snowdrifts or piles of snow, on or near the manoeuvring area.
E. Failure or irregular operation of any part of the airport lighting system.
F. other pertinent conditions.

Front 53

M321.1

Back 53

Issue information on field conditions and the status of airport equipment or services, either directly or through the IFR unit, in sufficient time for it to be useful
to the aircraft. (N)(R)

Front 54

M321.2

Back 54

Promptly provide aircraft with safety alerts when required. (N)

Front 55

M161.19

Back 55

Provide a safety alert if it appears an aircraft will operate near a known laser source or other directed bright light below 2000 feet AGL in the control zone

Front 56

M321.2 Note:

Back 56

The information is to be issued immediately once the controller recognizes an unsafe situation. Once the aircraft is informed, it is solely the pilot's responsibility to determine what course of action, if any, will be taken.

Front 57

ATIS

Back 57

The provision of current, routine information to arriving and departing aircraft, by means of a continuous and repetitive recorded broadcasts throughout the day, or
a specified portion of the day.

Front 58

M172.2

Back 58

Identify each ATIS message in the following way:
A. Assign a code letter in sequence through the phonetic alphabet, beginning
with “ALFA”, and continuing until all letters are used, then start a new cycle.
B. Continue a cycle, once established, without regard to the beginning of a new
day.
C. Assign code “ALFA” to the first message on resuming service if the
broadcast is interrupted for 6 hours or more. (N)
D. If separate radio frequencies are used for simultaneous broadcasts in both
official languages, assign the same code letter and use identical message
content.
E. If separate radio frequencies are used for simultaneous broadcast of anARRIVAL ATIS message and a DEPARTURE ATIS message assign thesame code letter to each.
M172.2 C. Note:
Service may have been interrupted because of equipment failure or rapidlychanging conditions.
M172.2 D. Note:
If one transmitter is out of service for any period of time, the code letter, onresumption of service on this transmitter, must be the sam

Front 59

M172.3

Back 59

Include the following information in an ATIS message, as applicable, in the
sequence indicated:
A. Airport name and message code letter
B. Weather information, including:
1. Time;
2. surface wind, including gusts;(N)
3. Visibility;
4. Weather and obstructions to vision;
5. Ceiling;
6. Sky condition;
7. Temperature;
8. Dew point;
9. Altimeter setting;
10. pertinent SIGMETs, AIRMETs and PIREPs; and (N)
11. other pertinent remarks.
M172.3 B. 2 Note:
The presence of gusty wind conditions as part of the wind component of ATIS
messages is critical to pilots. Gusts can play an important role when an approach
is being conducted using auto-throttle or when the cross-wind component is near
the upper limit.
M172.3 B. 10 Note:
Pertinent SIGMETs, AIRMETs and PIREPs for ATIS messages are those that
include severe weather conditions in the vicinity of the airport.C. Type of instrument approach in use including information on simultaneous
parallel or converging operations. (R)
D.

Front 60

M172.5

Back 60

Record a new message if any of the following conditions occur:
A. A new weather report is received.
B. A significant change in weather conditions is observed in the terminal area.
C. A pertinent SIGMET, AIRMET or PIREP is changed or cancelled.
D. The altimeter setting changes by 0.04 inches or more.
E. The type of IFR approach is changed.
F. An IFR runway is changed.
G. A VFR runway is changed.
H. A pertinent NOTAM is received or cancelled.
I. A change in runway conditions is reported.

Front 61

M173.1

Back 61

Enter the pertinent data on the ATIS form before the message is recorded, if it is required for message composition.

Front 62

M173.2

Back 62

Verify the accuracy of the recording before the message is broadcast

Front 63

M172.1

Back 63

Keep messages brief and concise and, if practicable, less than 30 seconds.

Front 64

M174.1

Back 64

You should provide a copy of the current message to:
A. each concerned position of operation in the tower; and
B each concerned IFR unit.

Front 65

M174.2

Back 65

Distribute messages in accordance with local procedures, and note the distribution on the message form. (R)

Front 66

M174.3

Back 66

Inform concerned sectors/units if the ATIS broadcast is interrupted. (R)

Front 67

M174.4

Back 67

The receiving unit should record the information on the ATIS message form if the message is distributed by interphone.

Front 68

M172.6

Back 68

If the ATIS message cannot be kept current due to rapidly changing conditions,
take one of the following actions:
A. If a significant portion of the message is unchanging, record the message in
the order listed in paragraph 172.3 and for the item missing, insert the name of
the item with a statement that the omitted information will be issued by ATC. (E)
B. If broadcast of partial information is not practicable, record a statement that all
information will be issued by ATC. (E)

Front 69

M172.6 A. Example:

Back 69

Winnipeg International information KILO. Weather at 1400 ZULU: wind will be issued by ATC; visibility four, haze; ceiling two thousand overcast; temperature one three, dew point one zero; altimeter setting will be issued by ATC; approach localizer back course one eight, IFR landing one eight. Inform ATC you have information KILO.

Front 70

M172.6 B. Example:

Back 70

Because of rapidly changing weather/airport conditions, contact ATC for current
information.

Front 71

M342.7:

Back 71

Know the distance and direction of each prominent landmark that may be used as a visual reporting point within a 25 mile radius of the airport.

Front 72

M342.9:

Back 72

In all communications between ATC and pilots, refer to VFR waypoints by their full name and not by their unique five-letter indicators.

Front 73

M342.9 Note:

Back 73

VFR waypoints are being published to allow location of reporting points with greater ease by the use of GNSS and other Area Navigation receivers. These waypoints depicted in latitude and longitude use unique five-letter identifiers beginning with the letters “VC”.