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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are microbes? |
Microscopic organism and particles include: -Bacteria -Viruses -Prions -Others(fungi, multicellular parasites) |
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Bacteria |
-Prokaryotic cells -Single-celled -Almost all have a cell wall -Have DNA in a single chromosome but NO nucleus -Have ribosomes -Some have accessory rings of DNA called plasmids |
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Viruses |
-Non-living -Reproduce inside a host cell -A cellular -All viruses have an outer protein coat called a capsid and nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) inside -Viruses are specific for certain types of cells to which they will attach and enter |
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Prions |
-Infectious protein particles -Prions are normal proteins that change to an abnormal shape, and make other normal proteins change shape |
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Lymphatic Vessels |
-Return extra-cellular tissue fluid(water,solutes and cell products) to the blood -One-way valved, tubular system that carries lymph fluid towards the heart -Help defend against pathogens |
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Lacteals |
Lymphatic Vessels in the small intestine, they carry absorbed fats we eat into the blood |
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Primary Lymphatic Organs |
-Red bone marrow -Thymus gland |
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Secondary Lymphatic Organs |
-Lymph nodes -Spleen |
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First Line Defense |
Physical and chemical barriers to entry of invaders |
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Secondary Line Defense |
-Phagocytic (endocytosis) white blood cells -Inflammatory response -Protective proteins: complement and interferons |
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Physical Barriers |
-Skins -Tears, saliva and urine physically flush out microbes -Mucous membranes line the respiratory digestive reproductive and urinary tract -Resident (normal) bacteria |
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Chemical Barriers |
-Secretions of sebaceous (oil) glands -Lysozyme (anti-bacterial enzyme) found in saliva, tears and sweat -Acidic pH of the stomach and vagina |
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Phagocytic (endocytosis) white blood cells "Surround and kill" |
-Neutrophils and macrophages -Both leave blood vessels by "crawling" through gaps between cells in capillary into tissue to find invaders -Important in the "Inflammatory response" |
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B Lymphocytes |
Anti Body Mediated Immunity |
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Antibodies structure |
-Y shaped proteins -The "trunk" of the "Y" is a constant, heavy chin region deterring the class of antibody - End of the ams of the "Y" are variable regions where specific antigens bind |
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Third Line of Defense |
Antibody-mediated immunity by B cells Cell Mediated immunity by T Lymphocytes |
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BCR |
B lymphocyte unique receptor on its surface that binds to a specific antigen |
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T Lymphocytes |
Cell Mediated Immunity |
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B cells |
Produce plasma cells and memory cells |
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Memory Cells |
Ready to produce antibodies in the future |
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T cells |
regulate immune response; produce cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells |
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Cytotoxic T cells |
Kill Virus-infected cells and cancer cells |
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Helper T cells |
Regulates immunity |
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Memory T cells |
ready to kill in the future |
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Active Immunity |
Antibodies are produced by the body and last many years in the blood |
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Passive Immunity |
Antibodies are injected into the body from the outside but only last a few weeks |
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Antibodies |
B lymphocytes have unique receptors on the surface allied BCR |
