Lecture 4

Front 1

Describe the composition of the outer layer of the spinal cord

Back 1

white matter

fiber tracts

axons and myelin

Front 2

Describe the composition of the inner layer of the spinal cord

Back 2

Gray matter

Neuronal cell bodies and dendrites

Front 3

What does SAME DAVE stand for?

Back 3

Sensory - Afferent, Motor - Efferent

Dorsal - Afferent, Ventral - Efferent

Front 4

What are the sections of grey matter called in the spinal cord?

Back 4

Horns (dorsal, lateral, ventral)

Front 5

What are the sections of grey matter called in the spinal cord?

Back 5

Funiculi (dorsal, lateral, ventral)

Front 6

What are the layers of the meninges along the spinal cord?

Back 6

Same as brain:

Dura, Arachnoid, Pia

Front 7

In an adult, the spinal cord ends at roughly what vertebra?

Back 7

L2 - this is why spinal taps are done inferior to L4, usually below the hips even

Front 8

Conus Medullaris

Back 8

Where the spinal cord ends (L1 or L2 in adult)

Front 9

Dural sac

Back 9

Membranous sheath of dura mater that surround the spinal cord and cauda equina

Contains CSF in which the spinal cord floats

Front 10

Cauda Equina

Back 10

"horses tail" - bundle of nerves that extends down below the conus medullaris (roughly inferior to L2)

Front 11

Filum terminale internum

Back 11

Thread like extension of the pia mater from the conus medullaris of the spinal cord

Front 12

Filum terminale externum

Back 12

Thread like extension of the dural sac, attaches to the coccyx

Anchors dural sac within the vertebral column

Front 13

Dural sheath

Back 13

extension of the dura that fuses with the epineurium

Front 14

Denticulate ligament

Back 14

Band of fibrous pia mater that extends along the spinal cords on each side between the dorsal and ventral roots

Front 15

Where and why are there two regions of spinal cord enlargement?

Back 15

Cervical enlargement - upper limbs

Lumbo-sacral enlargement - lower limbs

Front 16

Why does the ratio of grey to white matter change along the length of the spinal cord?

Back 16

Think UM Blue Busses - more people are on the busses near the middle of campus, fewer people near the ends of the lines

Front 17

GSA

Back 17

General sensory afferent - receive somatic sensory input

Front 18

GVA

Back 18

General visceral afferent - receive visceral sensory input (stomach hurts, don't know where)

Front 19

GVE

Back 19

General visceral efferent (autonomics) - motor to viscera; secretomotor to organs and motor smooth muscle (restricted distribution; arteries restrict/relax to provide blood to organs)

Front 20

GSE

Back 20

General somatic efferent - motor to somatic (striated) muscles

Front 21

Name the 6 nuclear groups from dorsal to ventral

Back 21

PM - posteromarginal nucleus

SG - substantia gelatinosa

NP - nucleus proprius

ND - Nucleus dorsalis

SVG - secondary visceral gray

IML - intermediolateral cell column

Front 22

Which nuclear group(s) sense pain and temperature?

Back 22

PM - posteromarginal nucleus

SG - substantia gelatinosa

Front 23

Which nuclear group(s) sense fine touch and proprioception?

Back 23

NP - nucleus proprius

ND - nucleus dorsalis

Front 24

Which nuclear group(s) sense visceral sensation?

Back 24

SVG - secondary visceral gray

Front 25

Which nuclear groups sense visceral motor sensation?

Back 25

IML - intermediolateral cell column

Front 26

Flexor motor neurons are on the (dorsal/ventral) aspect of the spinal cord?

Back 26

Dorsal

Front 27

Extensor motor neurons are on the (dorsal/ventral) aspect of the spinal cord?

Back 27

Ventral

Front 28

Describe blood supply to the spinal cord

Back 28

3 arteries: 1 anterior, 2 posterior

Front 29

Medial muscles are controlled by which aspect of the ventral horn?

Back 29

More medial aspect

Front 30

Lateral muscles are controlled by which aspect of the ventral horn

Back 30

More lateral aspect

Front 31

Gracile fasciculus tract

Back 31

Sensory tract, dorsal funiculi

Gracillus mm is mid thigh

Front 32

Cuneate fasciculus tract

Back 32

Sensory tract, dorsal funiculi

Torso/upper body

Front 33

Where do nerve roots exit the spinal cord?

Back 33

Vertebral foramen

Front 34

Another term for the spinal nerve

Back 34

Segment

Front 35

Remember To Drink Cold Beer

Back 35

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches

Mnemonic for subunits of the brachial plexus

Front 36

Put the following in order from medial to lateral:

Spinal nerve, root, grey matter, Dorsal root ganglion, Primary rami, Rootlets

Back 36

Grey matter, rootlets, root, dorsal root ganglion, spinal nerve, primary rami

Front 37

Dermatome

Back 37

Area of the body's surface that is innervated (sensory) by one pair of spinal nerves

Many many receptive fields make up a dermatome

Front 38

Receptive (cutaneous) field

Back 38

are of skin innervated by one dorsal root ganglia neuron

Front 39

Motor unit

Back 39

Total number of skeletal muscle fibers innervated by one Alpha Motor Neuron/ventral horn

Front 40

What are the four functional components of the spinal nerve?

Back 40

Somatic afferent
Somatic efferent

Visceral afferent

Visceral efferent

Front 41

Somatic afferent

Back 41

Nerve endings in receptors of skin, muscles, and joints

Front 42

Visceral efferent

Back 42

Endings on sweat glands, arrector pili mm., smooth muscle in blood vessels

Front 43

What nerves are from the Cervical Plexus?

Back 43

Lesser occipital

Greater auricular

Transverse cervical

Supraclavicular

Phrenic

Front 44

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Back 44

Phrenic

Front 45

What is the vertebral range for the cervical plexus?

Back 45

C1-C5

Front 46

What is the vertebral range for the brachial plexus?

Back 46

C4-T2

Front 47

What nerves are from the brachial plexus?

Back 47

Musculocutaneous

Axillary

Median

Radial

Ulnar

Front 48

What nerves are from the lumbar plexus?

Back 48

Iliohypogastric

Ilioinguinal

Genitofemoral

Femoral

Obturator

Front 49

What is the vertebral range for the lumbar plexus?

Back 49

T12-L5

Front 50

What is the vertebral range for the sacral plexus?

Back 50

L4-S5

Front 51

What nerves are from the lumbar plexus?

Back 51

Superior gluteal

Inferior gluteal

Tibial

Common fibular

Sciatic

Front 52

What does the sciatic split into?

Back 52

Common fibular, common tibial

Front 53

Epineurium

Back 53

Around nerve and between fascicles, mostly collagen, dense regular CT

Front 54

Perineurium

Back 54

Around each fascicle

Front 55

Endoneurium

Back 55

Within fascicles

Front 56

Name 3 diseases that may cause peripheral neuropathy

Back 56

Diabetes, heavy metals, autoimmune, compression, ischemia, B12 deficiency, Excess B6, infection (lyme, leprosy)

Front 57

What types of cells and tissues are found in peripheral nerves?

Back 57

Blood vessels, CT, fibroblasts, schwann cells, macrophages

Front 58

Decussate

Back 58

Cross the midline

Front 59

Spinocerebellar tracts

Back 59

Convey information concerning proprioception

Front 60

Where do somatic sensory pathways converge?

Back 60

in the thalamus

Front 61

The flexor reflex results in:

Back 61

Contraction of flexor muscles and inhibition of antagonist muscles

Front 62

Pain reflex

Back 62

Polysynaptic

Front 63

Stretch reflex, patellar reflex, tendon reflex

Back 63

Monsynaptic (no interneuron)