Learning And Ethology

Front 1

Bandura

Back 1

Observational learning- bobo doll- vicarious reinforcement

Front 2

Breland and Breland

Back 2

Instinctual drift- otter and clam- couldn't put coins in piggy bank.

Front 3

Garcia

Back 3

preparedness- Taste-aversion learning - shock and lights and sugar-water and nausea- some species are prepared to learn connnectiosn between certain stimuli

Front 4

Kohler, W

Back 4

Insight in problem solving

Front 5

Konrad Lorenz

Back 5

Studied unlearned, instinctual behaviors in natural environment- ethology

Front 6

premack principle

Back 6

obvious- eat veg, play videograme. Use more preferred activity to reinforce less preferred.

Front 7

Rescorla

Back 7

Temporal link (contiguity) was not whole story with Classical Conditioning, CS must also be uniquely identifying of impending (contingency)

Front 8

Skinner

Back 8

operant conditioning

Front 9

Edward Thorndike

Back 9

Law of effect-(you do something more if it provides a favorable outcome) used puzzle boxes to study problem solving in cats. Cats would try anything, what worked, they tried more- gradual slope showed cumulative effect, not insight's drop off.

Front 10

Edward Tolman

Back 10

cognitive maps helped rats get out of maze faster the second time

Front 11

FAP v. classical conditioning

Back 11

Fixed action pattern- otter with shells. FAp is more complex than CC

Front 12

sign stimulus

Back 12

features of a stimuli sufficient to bring about a FAP

Front 13

releaser

Back 13

a sign stimulus that triggers social behaviors between animals

Front 14

supernormal stimulus

Back 14

a trigger more effective at triggering a FAP that the actual sign stimulus found in nature

Front 15

Innate releasing mechanism (IRM)

Back 15

A mechanist in the animal's nervous system that connects sign stimuli with the correct FAPS.

Front 16

Karl von Frisch

Back 16

Bees talk to each other about distance through dances.

Front 17

Reproductive v inclusive fitness

Back 17

Reproductive takes into account the number of offspring that live to be old enough to reproduce- altruism doens't make sense. But inclusive includes relatives, so altruism is not a problem

Front 18

Tinbergen

Back 18

Ethologist who used experimental lab methods into field studies.

Front 19

Watson

Back 19

Little albert- acquisition of phobias due to classical conditioning

Front 20

Wilson, O

Back 20

Developed sociobiology

Front 21

Wolpe

Back 21

Developed method of systematic desnsitization to eliminate phobias