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189 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscles of the anterior thigh |
Iliosopas, sartorious, and quadriceps |
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Iliosopas |
Psoas major, psoas minor, and iliacus |
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Quadriceps |
Rectus femoris and vasti (lateralis, intermedius, and medialis) |
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Psoas major origin |
Transverse process of L1 - 5, bodies of T12 - L5, and intervertebral discs below bodies of T12 - L4 |
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Psoas major insertion |
Lesser trochanter |
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Psoas major action |
Flexes hip; side bends trunk |
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Psoas minor origin |
Side bodies of T12 and L1 and intervertebral disc between |
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Psoas minor insertion |
Iliopectineal eminence, arcuate line of ilium and iliac fascia |
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Psoas minor action |
Flexes hip on lumbar spine and lumbar spine on hip |
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Iliacus origin |
Iliac crest & fossa; sacral ala; iliolumbar & anterior SIJ ligaments |
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Iliacus insertion |
Tendon of psoas major, lesser trochanter & shaft inferior to it |
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Iliacus action |
Flexes hip |
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Sartorius origin |
ASIS |
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Sartorius insertion |
Proximal part of medial surface of tibia at pes anserine |
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Sartorius action |
Hip flex, abduction, and lateral rotation Knee flex and IR (when the knee is flexed) |
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Rectus femoris origin |
AIIS |
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Rectus femoris insertion |
Proximal border (base) of patella and tibial tuberosity |
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Rectus femoris action |
Hip flexion, knee extension |
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Vastus lateralis origin |
Greater trochanter; intertrochanteric line; lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity & lateral linea aspera |
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Vastus lateralis insertion |
Proximal border (base) of patella and tibial tuberosity |
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Vastus lateralis action |
Knee extension |
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Vastus intermedius origin |
Anterior and later surface of proximal 2/3 of femur; distal 1/2 of linea aspera |
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Vastus intermedius insertion |
Proximal border of patella and tibial tuberosity |
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Vastus intermedius action |
Knee extension |
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Vastus medialis origin |
Distal 1/2 of intertrochanteric line; medial linea aspera |
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Vastus intermedius insertion |
Proximal border (base) of patella and tibial tuberosity |
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Vastus intermedius action |
Knee extension |
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Articularis genu origin |
Anterior surface distal femur |
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Articularis genu insertion |
Proximal part of suprapatellar bursa & proximal anterior joint capsule |
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Articularis genu action |
Elevates join capsule & synovial membrane |
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Patellar retinaculum |
Formed as medial and later portions of quadricep tendon pass on either side of the patella merging into the knee capsule |
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Adductor group |
Pectineus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, and gracilis |
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Pectineus origin |
Pectineal line of pubis and narrow area of superior pubic ramus below it |
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Pectineus insertion |
Pectineal line |
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Pectineus action |
Flexes, adducts, and medially rotates hip |
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Adductor longus origin |
Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest |
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Adductor longus insertion |
Middle 2/3 of medial linea aspera |
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Adductor longus action |
Adducts and flexes hip |
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Adductor brevis origin |
Outer surface of inferior ramus and body of pubis |
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Adductor brevis insertion |
Distal 2/3 of pectineal line & proximal 1/2 of medial lip of linea aspera |
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Adductor brevis action |
Adducts and flexes hip |
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Adductor magnus origin |
Adductor portion: Inferior ramus of pubis & ramus of ischium Hamstring portion: Ischial tuberosity |
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Adductor magnus insertion |
Adductor portion: Lower gluteal tuberosity, middle linea aspera & medial supracondylar line Hamstring portion: Adductor tubercle of femur |
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Adductor magnus action |
Adductor portion: adducts thigh & flexes hip Hamstring portion: adducts thing and extends hip |
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Gracilis origin |
Inferior 1/2 of pubic symphisis |
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Gracilis insertion |
Medial surface of tibia and pes anserine |
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Gracilis action |
Hip adduction, knee flexion, medial rotation |
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Femoral triangle |
Superior: inguinal ligament Medial: lateral border of adductor longus Lateral: sartorius Floor: iliopsoas laterally & pectineus medially |
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Adductor canal |
Laterally: Vastus medialis Anteriorly: Vastus medialis Posteriorly: Adductor longus & adductor magnus Medially: Sartorius Deep: Sartorius |
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Adductor hiatus |
Located just lateral & superior to the adductor femoral tube. Created by an opening between the aponeurotic distal attachment of adductor attachment & tendinous distal attachment of hamstring portions of adductor magnus. |
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Superficial gluteal layer |
(1) Glutei group (maximus, medius, minimus), (2) tensor fascia latae |
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Deep gluteal layer |
(1) piriformis, (2) obrutortors, (3) gemelli, (4) quadratus femoris |
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Gluteus maximus origin |
Outer surface of ilium posterior to posterior line, lumbar fascia, lateral sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament, coccyx |
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Gluteus maximus insertion |
Gluteal tuberosity of femur; iliotibial tract |
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Gluteus maximus action |
Extends, abducts, and laterally rotates hip |
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Gluteus medius origin |
Outer surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines |
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Gluteus medius insertion |
Posterolateral surface of greater trochanter of femur |
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Gluteus medius action |
Abducts the hip. Anterior fibres medially rotate & may flex hip. Posterior fibres externally rotate and may extended hip. |
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Gluteus minimus origin |
Outer surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines |
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Gluteus minimus insertion |
Anterior surface of greater trochanter |
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Gluteus minimus action |
Abducts and medially rotates hip |
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Tensor fascia latae (TFL) origin |
ASIS, anterior portion of iliac crest & deep surface of fascia lata |
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Tensor fascia latae (TFL) insertion |
IT band at junction of proximal and middle 1/3 of thigh to Gerdy's tubercle |
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Tensor fascia latae (TFL) action |
Abducts (weakly), flexes & medially rotates hip & thigh. May assist with knee extension. |
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Iliotibial tract |
A thickening and reinforcing band of fascia located on the lateral thigh. Attached to femur via lateral intermuscular septum. Extends from iliac tubercle to Gerdy's tubercle. |
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Piriformis origin |
Anterior sacrum, few fibres from superior border of greater sciatic notch, sacrotuberous ligament |
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Piriformis insertion |
Superior aspect of greater trochanter |
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Piriformis action |
Laterally rotates the extended thigh & abducts the flexed thigh; stabalizes hip. May also be able to extend the hip. |
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Obturator internus origin |
Internal surface of obturator membrane and margin of obturator foramen; pelvic surface of ischium |
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Obturator internus insertion |
Medial surface of greater trochanter |
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Obturator internus action |
Laterally rotates the extended thigh & abducts the flexed thigh; stabilizes hip |
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Obturator externus origin |
Rami of pubis and ischium; extern surface of obturator membrane |
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Obturator externus insertion |
Trochanteric fossa of femur |
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Obturator externus action |
External rotation of hip. May assist with hip adduction. |
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Gemelli superior origin |
External surface of ischial spine |
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Gemelli superior insertion |
Medial surface of greater trochanter |
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Gemelli superior action |
Laterally rotates extended thigh & abducts flexed thigh; stabilizes hip |
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Gemelli inferior origin |
Proximal part of the ischial tuberosity |
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Gemelli inferior insertion |
Medial surface of greater trochanter |
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Gemelli inferior action |
Laterally rotates extended thigh & abducts flexed thigh; stabilizes hip |
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Quadratus femoris origin |
Proximal part of lateral border of ischial tuberosity |
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Quadratus femoris insertion |
Proximal part of quadrate line/tubercle extending distally from intertrochanteric crest |
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Quadratus femoris action |
Laterally rotates extended thigh & abducts flexed thigh; stabilizes hip |
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Hamstring group |
(1) Semitendinosus, (2) semimembranous, (3) biceps femoris |
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Semitendinosus origin |
Ischial tuberosity |
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Semitendinosus insertion |
Proximal medial surface of tibial body at pes anserine |
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Semitendinosus action |
Extends and assists in medial rotation of hip. Flexes and assists in medial rotation of the knee. |
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Semimembranous origin |
Ischial tuberosity |
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Semimembranous insertion |
Posteromedial aspect of condyle of tibia. Tendon divides into (a) direct condylar attachment, (b) portion that blends with popliteal fascia, (c) capsualr reinforcement which forms popliteal ligament |
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Semimembranous action |
Extends and assists in medial hip rotation. Flexes and assists in medial knee rotation. |
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Biceps femoris origin |
Long head: Sacrotuberous ligament & posterior ischsical tuberosity Short head: Linea aspera |
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Biceps femoris insertion |
Long head: Lateral fibula and tibia Short head: Lateral fib head, lateral tib condyle |
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Biceps femoris action |
Long head: Extends and assists in lateral rotation of hip. Flexes and assists in lateral rotation of knee. Short head: Knee flexion and ER when the knee is flexed to 90. |
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Pes Anserine |
"Goose foot". Conjoined tendinous insertion of sartorius, gracicilis, and semitendinosus (say grace before tea) |
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Popliteal fossa |
Diamond shaped, fat filled depression in posterior knee. Superolateral: biceps femoris Superomedial: semimembranosus tendon & tendinosus Inferomedially & laterally: heads of gastrocnemius Posterior: skin & popliteal fascia |
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4 compartments of in the leg |
(1) Anterior, (2) lateral, (3) posterior superficial, (4) posterior deep |
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Anterior compartment muscles |
(1) Anterior tibialis, (2) Extensor hallicus longus, (3) Extensor digitorum longus, (4) Peroneus tertius |
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Lateral compartment muscles |
(1) Peroneus longus, (2) Peroneus brevis |
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Posterior superficial compartment muscles |
(1) Gastrocnemius, (2) soleus, (3) plantaris |
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Posterior deep compartment muscles |
(1) Popliteus m., (2) flexor hallicus longus, (3) flexor digitorum longus, (4) posterior tibialis |
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Anterior tibialis origin |
Inferior lateral tibial condyle; upper 2/3 lateral tibial shaft |
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Anterior tibialis insertion |
Medial cuneiform; base of 1st metatarsal |
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Anterior tibialis action |
Ankle dorsiflexion |
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Extensor hallicus longus origin |
Middle 1/2 fibular shaft |
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Extensor hallicus longus insertion |
Base of distal phalanx of hallux |
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Extensor hallicus longus action |
Hallux extension; assists in ankle dorisflexion |
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Extensor digitorum longus origin |
Inferior aspect of lateral tibial condyle; medial aspect of fibula; IOM |
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Extensor digitorum longus insertion |
Dorsal aspect of middle and distal phalanges 2 - 5 |
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Extensor digitorum longus action |
Toe extension (@IP and MTP jt); ankle dorsiflexion |
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Peroneus teritus origin |
Distal 1/3 of fib shaft |
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Peroneus teritus insertion |
Dorsal surface of base of 5th metatarsal |
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Peroneus teritus action |
Ankle dorsiflexion; foot eversion |
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Retinacula of the anterior compartment |
Superior: passes from fib to tib proximal to malleoli Inferior: Y shaped, secures peroneus & EDL, attaches laterally to anterosuperio surface of calcenus |
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Tendon sheaths of ankle |
Tube-like modified bursae, protects all sides of tendon from friction, occures in confined areas especially retinacula |
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Peroneus longus origin |
Lat condyle of tib; upper 2/3 of lat fib shaft & fib head |
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Peroneus longus insertion |
Lat surface of base of 1st metatarsal; lat surface of medial cuneiform |
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Peroneus longus action |
Foot eversion; ankle plantarflexion |
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Peroneus brevis origin |
Distal 2/3 of lat fib shaft |
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Peroneus brevis insertion |
Base of 5th metatarsal |
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Peroneus brevis action |
Foot eversion; stabilizes subtalar & metatarsal joints for propulsion |
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Retinacula of the lateral leg |
Superior: Distal tip of lat malleolus to calcaneus Inferior: Continuous with inferior extensor retinaculum, passing obliquely to insert on calcaneous Sends projection through the lat compartment, creating two canals. |
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Gastrocnemius origin |
Post aspects of med & lat femoral condyles |
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Gastrocnemius insertion |
Post surface of calcaneus via achilles tendon |
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Gastrocnemius action |
Knee flexion; ankle plantar flexion |
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Soleus origin |
Head & upper 1/3 of fib; soleal line of tib |
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Soleus insertion |
Post surface of calcaneous via achillies tendon |
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Soleus action |
Ankle platarflexion |
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Plantaris origin |
Inferior end of lat supracondylar line of femur; oblique popliteal ligament |
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Plantaris insertion |
Post surface of calcaneus via achilles tendon or med aspect of calcaneal tuberosity |
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Plantaris action |
Ankle plantarflexion; subtalar inversion |
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Achilles tendon |
(1) thickest & strongest, (2) approx 15 cm long, (3) Expands as it inserts on the calcaneal tubersotiy, (4) Spirals 90 degrees during the decent to the insertion - results in gastroc fibers inserting laterally & soleal fibers inserting medially. |
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Subcutaneous bursa of calcaneal tendon |
Located between the skin and the tendon |
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Subtendinous (or retrocalcaneal) bursa of calcaneal tendon |
Located between the tendon and the calcaneous |
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Popliteus m. origin |
Lat condyle of femur |
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Popliteus m. insertion |
Post surface of tib |
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Popliteus m. action |
(NWB) IR tib on femur & knew flex; (WB) ER femur on tib & knee flex |
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Flexor hallicus longus origin |
Lower 2/3 of dist fib surface |
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Flexor hallicus longus insertion |
Base of distal phalanx of hallux |
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Flexor hallicus longus action |
Hallux flexion; assists in ankle plantarflexion |
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Flexor digitorum longus origin |
Middle 1/2 tib (posterior) |
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Flexor digitorum longus insertion |
Plantar surface of distal phalanx digits 2-5 |
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Flexor digitorum longus action |
Ankle plantarflexion; toe flexion |
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Posterior tibialis origin |
Lat poriton of post tib & prox 2/3 of med surface of fib shaft |
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Posterior tibialis insertion |
Tuberosity of navicular |
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Posterior tibialis action |
Foot inversion; assists in plantarflexion |
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Tom, Dick & Harry |
(1) Tibialis posterior, (2) Flexor digitorum longus, (3) Flexor hallucis longus Medially to laterally |
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Retinacula of the posterior leg |
Medial malleolus to calcaneous; converts bony grooves into canals for passage of each deep flexor tendon, the posterior tibial vessels & tibial nerve to sole of foot. (Tibial tunnel) |
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Dorsal compartment |
Between dorsal fascia, tarsal bones, dorsal interosseous fascia of the mid and forefoot. |
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Dorsal compartment muscles |
(1) Extensor digitorum brevis, Extensor hallicus brevis |
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Extensor digitorum brevis origin |
Superior surface of anterior calcaneous; anchored by inferior extensor retinaculum |
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Extensor digitorum brevis insertion |
Tendons of EDL on 2-4 |
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Extensor digitorum brevis action |
Extends toes 2-4 @ MTP, PIP & DIP joints |
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Extensor hallicus brevis origin |
Superior surface of calcaneous |
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Extensor hallicus brevis insertion |
Prox phalanx of hallux |
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Extensor hallicus brevis action |
Extends the 1st MTP |
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1st layer of plantar foot muscles |
(1) Abductor digiti minimi, (2) flexor digitorum brevis, (3) Abductor hallucis |
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Abductor digiti minimi pedis origin |
Calcaneal tuberosity; plantar fascia |
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Abductor digiti minimi pedis insertion |
Lat plantar side of base of prox phalanx of 5th toe |
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Abductor digiti minimi pedis action |
Abducts & flexes little toe @ MTP |
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Flexor digitorum brevis origin |
Calcaneal tuberosity; plantar fascia |
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Flexor digitorum brevis insertion |
Med & lat sides of middle phalanges of toes 2-5 |
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Flexor digitorum brevis action |
Flexes toes 2-5 @ MTP & PIP joints |
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Abductor hallucis origin |
Calcaneal tuberosity; flexor retinaculum; plantar fascia |
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Abductor hallucis insertion |
Med plantar side of base of 1st prox phalanx |
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Abductor hallucis action |
Abducts big toe @ MTP joint |
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2nd layer of plantar foot muscles |
(1) Qudratus plantae, (2) lumbricals pedis Tendon of flexor hallucis longus & tendon of flexor digitorum longus |
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Qudratus plantae origin |
Med & lat calcaneus |
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Qudratus plantae insertion |
Lat margin of distal tendon of flexor digitorum longus muscle |
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Qudratus plantae action |
Flexes toes 2-5 @ MTP, PIP, & DIP joint |
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Lumbricals pedis origin |
From distal tendons of flexor digitorum longus muscle. (1) med bord of tendon to toe 2, (2) adjacent sides of tendons to toes 2 & 3, (3) adj sides of tendons to toes 3 & 4, (4) adj sides of tendons to toes 4 & 5, |
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Lumbricals pedis insertion |
Med sides of extensor digitorum longus tendons merging into dorsal digital expansion of toes 2-5 |
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Lumbricals pedis action |
Flexes toes 2-5 @ MTP, PIP, & DIP joint |
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3rd layer of plantar foot muscles |
(1) Flexor digiti minimi, (2) adductor hallucis, (3) Flexor hallucis brevis |
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Flexor digiti minimi pedis origin |
Plantar surface of base of 5th MT & distal tendon of peroneus longus |
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Flexor digiti minimi pedis insertion |
Plantar surface of the prox phalanx of the 5th toe |
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Flexor digiti minimi pedis action |
Flexes toe 5 @ MTP joint |
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Adductor hallucis origin |
Oblique head: base of MT 205 & distal tendon of peroneous longus Transverse head: plantar MTP ligs |
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Adductor hallucis insertion |
Lat side of base of 1st prox phalanx |
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Adductor hallucis action |
Adducts & flexes big toe @ MTP joint |
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Flexor hallucis brevis origin |
Cuboid; lat cuneiform; med side of 1st MT |
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Flexor hallucis brevis insertion |
Med & lat side of plantar surface of base of 1st prox phalanx |
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Flexor hallucis brevis action |
Flexes big toe @ MTP joint |
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4ht layer of plantar foot muscles |
(1) Plantar interossei (x3), (2) Dorsal interossei (x4) Tendons for peroneous longus & tibialis posterior |
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Plantar interossei (x3) origin |
Med side of MTs 3 - 5 |
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Plantar interossei (x3) insertion |
Med side of prox phalanx of toes 3-5 & dorsal distal expansion |
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Plantar interossei (x3) action |
Adducts & flexes toes 3-5 @ MTP joint; Extends toes 3-5 @ PIP & DIP joints |
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Dorsal interossei pedis (x4) origin |
Each arrises from adjacent sides of MTs 1-5 |
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Dorsal interossei pedis (x4) insertion |
Bases of prox phalanx & dorsal distal expansion of toes 2-4 |
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Dorsal interossei pedis (x4) action |
Abducts & flexes toes 2-4 @ MTP joint; Extends toes 2-4 @ PIP & DIP joints |
