Last Anatomy Quiz

Front 1

2 pairs of folds of the larynx

Back 1

False vocal folds = cranially positioned ventricular folds

True vocal folds = caudally placed vocal folds

Front 2

Parts of the cavity of the larynx

Back 2

vestibule: aditus --> rima glottidis
ventricle: space between ventricular and vocal cords
infraglottic cavity: space between rima glottidis and beginning of tracheal cavity.

Front 3

Unpaired cartilages of the larynx

Back 3

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottic Cartilages

Front 4

Paired cartilages of the larynx

Back 4

Arytenoid
Cuneiform
Corniculate

Front 5

Parts of the THYROID CARTILAGE

Back 5

-Right and left laminae, fusing to form the laryngeal prominence
-Superior & inferior thyroid notches
-Superior & inferior cornu/horns
-Oblique line (extends from superior to inferior thyroid TUBERCLES)

Front 6

Parts of the CRICOID CARTILAGE

Back 6

-Quadrilateral, dorsal lamina
-Facets for articulation with inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage
-2 elliptical depressions for articulation with the arytenoid cartilages

Front 7

3 folds of the mucous membrane between the tongue and epiglottis

Back 7

single median glossoepiglottic fold

2 lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Depressions between the folds: epiglottic valleculae

Front 8

What attaches the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilages?

Back 8

aryepiglottic folds

Front 9

the 2 processes of the base of the arytenoid cartilage

Back 9

muscular process: lateral angle
Vocal process: anterior angle; where the vocal cord attaches

Front 10

Cuneiform cartilage

Back 10

attached to the aryepiglottic fold just anterior the corniculate cartilage

Front 11

Thyrohyoid Membrane

Back 11

Between body/cornua of hyoid bone and cranial aspect of the thyroid cartilage. Thick in median portion = median thyrohyoid ligament; lateral portions are lateral thyrohyoid ligaments.

Front 12

2 extrinsic membranes of the larynx of interest

Back 12

Thyrohyoid membrane

Cricothyroid membrane

Front 13

Cricothyroid membrane

Back 13

(Median)
Fibroelastic tissue connecting the superior rim of the cricoid cartilage with the inferior rim of the thyroid cartilage.

Front 14

Intrinsic membrane of larynx, aka ELASTIC LAMINA

Back 14

cranial portion = quadrangular membrane

caudal portion = elastic cone (conus elasticus)

Front 15

Parts of the elastic cone (conus elasticus)

Back 15

Median cricothyroid ligament
2 vocal ligaments

Front 16

Cricothyroid muscle

Back 16

O: arch of cricoid cartilage
I: lamina and inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage
In: external branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Fn: tenses vocal cords

Front 17

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle

Back 17

O:arch of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
In: inferior laryngeal nerve
Fn: ADDUCTS vocal cords (narrows rima glottidis)

Front 18

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle

Back 18

O: lamina of cricoid cartilage
I: muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
In: inferior laryngeal nerve
Fn: ABDUCTS vocal cords

Front 19

Transverse Arytenoid muscle

Back 19

O and I: posterior surfaces of the 2 arytenoig cartilages
In: Inferior laryngeal nerve
Fn: adducts the vocal cords

Front 20

Oblique Arytenoid muscle

Back 20

O: muscular process of 1 arytenoid cartilage
I: apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage
In: inferior laryngeal nerve
Fn: adducts the vocal cords

Front 21

Aryepiglotticus muscle

Back 21

continuation of the oblique arytenoid muscle.

Front 22

Thyroarytenoid muscle

Back 22

O: thyroid lamina and cricothyroid ligament
I: lateral margin and base of the arytenoid cartilage
In: inferior laryngeal nerve
Fn: Adducts the vocal cords

Front 23

Vocalis muscle

Back 23

O: thyroid lamina and cricothyroid ligament
I: vocal ligament
In: inferior laryngeal nerve
Fn: modifies tension on the vocal cord

Front 24

List the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (8)

Back 24

cricothyroid
posterior cricoarytenoid
lateral cricoarytenoid
transverse arytenoid
oblique arytenoid
thyroarytenoid
vocalis
aryepiglottic

Front 25

2 regions of the rima glottidis

Back 25

intermembraneous region: between the vocal cords
Intercatilagenous region: between the arytenoid cartilages

Front 26

Arterial supply of larynx

Back 26

Superior thyroid artery (off external carotid) -->. superior laryngeal branch

Inferior thyroid branch (off thyrocervical trunk) --> inferior laryngeal branch

Cricothyroid artery off the inferior laryngeal branch

Front 27

Venous drainage of the larynx

Back 27

Superior and inferior laryngeal veins

Front 28

Sensory innervation below the vocal cords

Back 28

recurrent laryngeal branches of vagus nerve

Front 29

sensory innervation above the vocal cords

Back 29

internal laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nerves of vagus

Front 30

Recurrent laryngeal nerves wrap around what on R and L sides?

Back 30

Right: subclavian artery
Left: arch of aorta

Front 31

Boundaries of the submandibular triangle

Back 31

inferior rim of the mandible, anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscles

Front 32

Suprahyoid muscles

Back 32

anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid

Front 33

Posterior belly of digastric

Back 33

O: mastoid notch of temporal
I: intermediate tendon
In: facial nerve
Fn: pulls hyoid bone posteriorly

Front 34

Anterior belly of digastric

Back 34

O: digastric fossa of mandible
I: intermediate tendon
In: mylohyoid nerve (off inferior alveolar nerve of V3)
Fn: pulls hyoid bone anteriorly

Front 35

Action of both bellies of digastric together

Back 35

Elevate hyoid bone

Depresses mandible when hyoid bone is fixed

Front 36

Stylohyoid muscle

Back 36

O: styloid process
I: body of hyoid bone
In: facial nerve
Fn: pulls hyoid bone superiorly and posteriorly

Front 37

Mylohyoid muscle

Back 37

O: mylohyoid line of mandible
I: median raphe and body of hyoid bone
In: mylohyoid nerve (V3)
Fn: when hyoid bone fixed: depresses mandible; when mandible fixed: elevates hyoid bone and floor of mouth

Front 38

Geniohyoid muscle

Back 38

O: inferior mental spines of mandible
I: body of hyoid bone
In: C1, carried by hypoglossal nerve
Fn: pulls hyoid bone anteriorly and superiorly

Front 39

List the 4 Intrinsic tongue muscles

Back 39

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

These all function to change shape of tongue

Front 40

List the extrinsic tongue muscles

Back 40

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

Front 41

Genioglossus muscle

Back 41

O: superior mental spines of mandible
I: tip to back of tongue and body of hyoid bone
In: CN XII
Fn: protrudes tongue; depresses tip of tongue

Front 42

Hyoglossus muscle

Back 42

O: body and greater cornu of hyoid bone
I: posterior lateral aspect of body of tongue
In: CN XII
Fn: depresses tongue

Front 43

Styloglossues muscle

Back 43

O: styloid process and stylomandibular ligament
I: along lateral aspect of entire body of tongue to tip to tongue
In: CN XII
Fn: retracts tongue and elevates tip of tongue

Front 44

Palatoglossus muscle

Back 44

O: fascia and lateral aspect of soft palate
I: lateral aspect of tongue where ant 2/3 and post 1/3 meet
In: Pharyngeal plexus
Fn: elevates root of tongue and constricts fauces

Front 45

Parts of the submandibular gland

Back 45

Major portion: superficial lobe
Small portion: deep lobe

Front 46

Where does the submandibular duct terminate?

Back 46

sublingual caruncle (papilla)

Front 47

Vascularization of the sublingual gland

Back 47

Sublingual and submental arteries

Front 48

Vascularization of the submandibular gland

Back 48

Facial artery and sublingual branch of the lingual artery

Front 49

1st branch off lingual artery

Back 49

Suprahyoid artery: lies superficial to hypoglossus and supplies most of the muscles attaching to the hyoid bone.

Front 50

2nd branch off lingual artery

Back 50

Dorsal lingual: supplies the palatoglossal arch, mucous membrane of the tongue, palatine and lingual tonsils and some of the soft palate

Front 51

3rd and 4rd branches off lingual artery

Back 51

superior: deep lingual artery: supplies the body of the tongue

inferior: sublingual artery: supplies the sublingual gland, mucous membrane of floor of mouth and gingiva.

Front 52

Branches of the facial artery that supply the submandibular region and floor of mouth

Back 52

ascending palatine artery
tonsillar artery
glandular branches
submental artery

Front 53

what are the 3 MAIN arteries that supply the submandibular region and floor of mouth?

Back 53

lingual artery
facial artery
mylohyoid artery (off inferior alveolar artery off the maxillary artery off external carotid)

Front 54

Tongue is drained by which vein(s)?

Back 54

deep lingual and dosral lingual veins ==> lingual vein --> IJV

Front 55

Floor of mouth drained by which vein(s)?

Back 55

sublingual vein --> lingual vein --> IJV

Front 56

The left and right jugular trunks brings its lymph to where?

Back 56

Left --> thoracic duct
Right --> right lymphatic duct

Front 57

The thoracic duct arises where?

Back 57

cisterna chyli in the abdomen

Front 58

Occipital nodes

Back 58

A: occipital part of the scalp
E: external jugular nodes and the accessory lymph nodes

Front 59

Retroauricular lymph nodes (aka posterior auricular or mastoid)

Back 59

A: posterior parietal scalp, skin of the ear, and the posterior external acoustic meatus
E: superior deep cervical nodes & accessory lymph nodes

Front 60

Preauricular (anterior auricular) nodes

Back 60

A: temporal region supplied by superficial temporal artery, anterior parietal scalp and anterior surface of ear
E: superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 61

Parotid Nodes

Back 61

E: external acoustic meatus, skin of frontal and temporal regions, eyelids, tympanic cavity, cheek, nose, posterior palate
E: superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 62

Submandibular nodes

Back 62

A: facial nodes; submental nodes; lateral upper and lower lips, cheeks and nose, anterior nasal cavity, all teeth except mand incisors, oral palate, anterior 2/3 of tongue
E: superior deep cervical lymph nodes and jugulo-omohyoid lymph nodes

Front 63

Submental nodes

Back 63

A: mand incisors, medial part of lower lip, chin, tip of tongue, anterior floor of mouth
E: submandibular lymph node and jugulo-omohyoid lymph node

Front 64

Facial nodes

Back 64

located along the course of the facial artery/vein
**infraorbital, buccal, mandibular
A: skin and conjunctiva of eyelids, nose and cheek, upper lip
E: submandibular nodes

Front 65

External jugular nodes

Back 65

A: occipital nodes; lower part of ear and parotid region
E: superior deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 66

Anterior jugular nodes

Back 66

A: skin, muscules, viscera of INFRAHYOID region of neck
E: inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 67

List the deep cervical lymph nodes

Back 67

superior deep cervical nodes
inferior deep cervical nodes
accessory nodes
juxta-visceral nodes
retropharyngeal nodes
transverse cervical nodes

Front 68

what divides the deep cervical lymphatic chain into the superior and inferior deep cervical nodes?

Back 68

inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Front 69

superior deep cervical nodes

Back 69

A: occipital, retroauricular, preauricular, parotid, submanidbular, external jugular, retropharyngeal nodes
E: inferior deep cervical nodes

Front 70

2 important superior deep cervical nodes

Back 70

-jugulodigastric
-jugulo-omyohyoid nodes

Front 71

jugulodigastric nodes

Back 71

located just inferior to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle as it crosses the IJV
A: palatine and lingual tonsils, posterior palate, posterior 1/3 of tongue
E: inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 72

jugulo-omohyoid nodes

Back 72

located just superior to the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle as it crosses the IJV
A: anterior tongue, submandibular nodes and submental nodes
E: inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

Front 73

inferior deep cervical nodes

Back 73

A: transverse cervical nodes, anterior jugular nodes, superior deep cervical nodes
E: jugular trunk

Front 74

accessory nodes

Back 74

A: occipital nodes, retroauridcular nodes, and lateral neck and shoulder
E: transverse cervical nodes

Front 75

retropharyngeal nodes

Back 75

A: posterior nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, hard and soft palate, nasopharynx, oropharynx, middle ear and auditory tube
E: superior deep cervical ndoes

Front 76

Juxta-visceral nodes (anterior deep cervical)-- list the 3 of them

Back 76

prelaryngeal nodes
pretracheal nodes
paratracheal nodes

Front 77

prelaryngeal nodes

Back 77

located on anterior surface of cricothyroid ligament
A: thyroid gland and larynx
E: inferior deep cervical nodes

Front 78

pretracheal nodes

Back 78

located on anterior surface of trachea
A: thyroid gland and trachea
E: inferior deep cervical nodes

Front 79

paratracheal nodes

Back 79

along the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the tracheo-esophageal groove
A: thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus
E: inferior deep cervical nodes

Front 80

transverse cervical nodes

Back 80

along cervical artery and vein
A: accessory nodes, apical axillary nodes, lateral neck, anterior thoracic wall
E: most often into jugular trunk