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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What happens to radiation when it enters earth's atmosphere? |
1. Reflected 2. Absorbed 3. Sensible heat transfer 4. Latent heat transfer 5. Long-wave radiation |
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Factors affecting variations in insolation received |
Global: Latitude of earth & angle of sun Seasonal changes Regional: Length of day and night Local: Slope aspect Albedo Cloud cover |
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Eg for latitude of earth |
Kisangani (Congo) - 0.5°N has mean annual temp of 25°C Mongu (Zambia) - 15°S MAT 22.0°C Karasbury (Namibia) - 28.0°S MAT 19°C |
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Explain seasonal changes. |
Summer/winter solstices: Due to earth's tilt, sun is overhead at tropics, the hemisphere with summer has more insolation that the hemisphere with winter. June: Sun will shine directly overhead tropics of cancer at NH hence NH experiences hot summer |
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Factors affecting temperature |
Regional: Prevailing winds Ocean currents Type of surface (land/sea) Local: Topography Urbanisation |
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Type of surface eg |
3 cities in Africa at same lat but have temp variations as distance from sea differs. - Bathurst has temp range 4°C - Birao temp range 7°C - Khartoum temp range 11°C
Water specific heat capacity: 4.2kj/kg/°C Land specific heat capacity: 2.1kj/kg/°C |
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Prevailing winds eg |
Conakry: In Dec, NE winds that are hot and dry cause its temperature to be at 26.4 C. In June, SW trade winds which are cool and moist cause its temp to be at a lower 25.3 C. 2 coastal cities in Africa: Conakry and Duoala with same latitude have temp variations in different times of the year.
Dec: both have higher temp due to NE winds known as Harmattan wind which is very hot and dry (C: 26.4°C, D: 26.7°C)
June: opposite due to influence of onshore wind (SW trade winds) which are cool and moist to decrease temperature (C: 25.3°C, D: 25.6°C) |
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Ocean currents eg |
Cold currents like Labrador Current from higher latitudes decrease summer temperature along the NE coast of North America when the wind blows from land to sea. |
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Topography eg |
Africa: Kisangani (DRC) is 415km above sea level, while Kampala (Uganda) is located 1144m above sea level.
Both are at the same 0.5°N latitude. Kisangani annual temp is 25°C, Kamala 21°C |
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Urbanisation |
Africa: Lagos's average urban temp is 28.5°C, average rural temperature is 26.5°C On average urban areas are +2°C hotter than rural areas |
