Kuntzman/tortora A&p Ch.3 Cells

Front 1

Functional units of living things that very in shape, size and function?

Back 1

Cell

Front 2

Name the 3 components of a cell?

Back 2

– Plasma Membrane
– Cytoplasm
– Nucleus

Front 3

Cells outer boundary?

Back 3

Plasma Membrane

Front 4

Which of the 3 components of a cell, separate cells internal environment (inside) from its external environment (outside)?

Back 4

Plasma Membrane

Front 5

Which of the 3 components of a cell, regulates flow of materials into and out of cell?

Back 5

Plasma Membrane

Front 6

Which of the 3 components of a cell has all cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus?

Back 6

Cytoplasm

Front 7

Two components of the Cytoplasm component of cell?

Back 7

– Cytosol (ICF)
– Organelles

Front 8

Fluid portion of Cytoplasm; water and dissolved solutes?

Back 8

Cytosol (ICF)

Front 9

Little organs with characteristic structures and specific functions?

Back 9

Organelles

Front 10

Which 3 components of a cell is the largest organelle of cell?

Back 10

Nucleus

Front 11

Which of the 3 components of a cell contains chromosomes (DNA) that control cellular activities?

Back 11

Nucleus

Front 12

Which of the 3 components of a cell controlls most cellular activities?

Back 12

Nucleus

Front 13

This structure consist of lipids and proteins arranged in a lipid bilayer (double layer)?

Back 13

Plasma Membrane Structure

Front 14

2 main types of lipids?

Back 14

– Phospholipids
– Cholesterol

Front 15

This Lipid is the most common?

Back 15

Phospholipids

Front 16

This lipid strengthens membrane?

Back 16

Cholesterol

Front 17

2 types of proteins?

Back 17

– Intergral
– Peripheral Proteins

Front 18

This protein extends through lipid bilayer?

Back 18

Integral Proteins

Front 19

This protein is attach to surfaces?

Back 19

Peripheral Proteins

Front 20

This permits some substances to pass through but not others?

Back 20

Selected Permeability

Front 21

Permeable to nonpolar (uncharged) substances and water (exception)?

Back 21

Lipid Bilayer Portion

Front 22

Permeable to polar (charged) Substances (includes water)?

Back 22

Protein Portion

Front 23

With plasma membrane functions examples of protein portion would be?

Back 23

– Channels
– Transporters
– Carriers

Front 24

Substances cross membrane 2 ways?

Back 24

– Passably
– Actively

Front 25

Which transport method requires no energy?

Back 25

Passively

Front 26

Which transport method requires energy (ATP)?

Back 26

Actively

Front 27

Simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, and filtration are processes of what transport methods?

Back 27

Passive Processes

Front 28

Transports in Vesicles, pinocytosis and Phagocytosis are processes of what transport method?

Back 28

Active Processes

Front 29

What are the 2 ways that substances cross membranes while transporting in vesicles in a active process?

Back 29

– Pinocytosis
– Phagocytosis

Front 30

Diffusion requires energy or no energy?

Back 30

No energy

Front 31

With diffusion each substance moves passively from _____to_____ concentration?

Back 31

Higher to Lower Concentrations
(less crowded)

Front 32

This moves down with their concentration gradient
"downhill"?

Back 32

Diffusion

Front 33

Eventually equilibrium (a uniform mixture) is reached?

Back 33

Diffusion

Front 34

Nonpolar (uncharged) substances diffuse passively across lipid portion of plasma membrane?

Back 34

Simple Diffusion

Front 35

Polar (charged) Substances diffuse passively across protein portion of plasma membrane?

Back 35

Facilitated Diffusion

Front 36

Glucose (polar) diffuses passively across protein portion of plasma membrane?

Back 36

Facilitated Diffusion

Front 37

Water moves passively from an area of higher water (lower solutes) concentration to an area of lower water (higher solutes) concentration?

Back 37

Osmosis

Front 38

Solute concentrations effect water movement and alter cells shape?

Back 38

Tonicity

Front 39

Equal solute concentrations in cytosol (ICF) and interstitial (ECF) and cell maintains normal shape?

Back 39

Isotonic Solution

Front 40

Lower solute concentrations in interstitial fluid than cytosol and cell burst (lysis)?

Back 40

Hypotonic Solution

Front 41

Higher solute concentration in interstitial fluid than cytosol and cell shrinks (crenates)?

Back 41

Hypertonic Solution

Front 42

With active processes this requires energy (ATP) and moves substances against their gradient (from lower concentrations to higher concentrations) " uphill" pumps?

Back 42

Active Transport

Front 43

Most important active transport pump?

Back 43

Sodium-Potassium Pump

Front 44

Sodium ions (Na +) pumps_____, and potassium ions (K +) pumps_____cell?

Back 44

– Out
– into

Front 45

With active processes this requires energy?

Back 45

Transport in Vesicles

Front 46

Transports materials in or out of cell?

Back 46

Vesicles (sacs)

Front 47

Transport in Vesicles has 2 types?

Back 47

– Exocytosis (secretion)
– Endocytosis

Front 48

Which type of Vesicle transports materials out of the cell?

Back 48

Exocytosis (secretion)

Front 49

Which type of Vesicle transports materials into cell?

Back 49

Endocytosis

Front 50

Which type of endocytosis is cell drinking?

Back 50

Pinocytosis

Front 51

Which type of endocytosis is cell eating?

Back 51

Phagocytosis

Front 52

All cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus?

Back 52

Cytoplasm

Front 53

2 components of Cytoplasm?

Back 53

– Cytosol (ICF)
– Organelles

Front 54

Which component of Cytoplasm has fluid portion of cytoplasm; water and dissolved solute?

Back 54

Cytosol

Front 55

Which component of Cytoplasm has little organs with characteristic structures and specific functions?

Back 55

Organelles

Front 56

With organelles this determines cells shape and organizes cellular contents?

Back 56

Cytoskeleton

Front 57

With organelles what are the 3 types of Cytoskeletons?

Back 57

– Microfilaments
– Intermediate Filaments
– Microtubules

Front 58

Short, hair-like projections from cell surface, moves fluids along cell surface?

Back 58

Cilia

Front 59

Longer than Cilia, moves entire cell; only example is sperm cells tail?

Back 59

Flagella

Front 60

2 types of ribosomes?

Back 60

– Free Ribosomes
– Membrane Bound Ribosomes

Front 61

Which ribosome produce proteins for use in cytosol (ICF)?

Back 61

Free Ribosomes

Front 62

Which ribosome is rough Endoplasmic reticulum and produce proteins for secretion (exocytosis)?

Back 62

Membrane Bound Ribosomes

Front 63

What are the 2 types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Back 63

– Rough ER
– Smooth ER

Front 64

Which endoplasmic reticulum (ER) produce proteins for secretion?

Back 64

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Front 65

Which endoplasmic reticulum detoxifies drugs and other harmful substances (drug tolerance increases it)?

Back 65

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (abundant in liver)

Front 66

This modifies, sorts, packages, and transports proteins received from the rough ER?

Back 66

Golgi Complex (apparatus)

Front 67

Golgi complex forms_____Vesicles.discharge proteins via exocytosis?

Back 67

Secretory

Front 68

Golgi complex forms_____Vesicles; lysosomes that carry molecules to other organelles?

Back 68

Transport

Front 69

Membrane – enclosed vesicles formed from golgi complex?

Back 69

Lysosomes

Front 70

This is formed from the golgi complex and contain digestive enzymes that break down a variety of molecules?

Back 70

Lysosomes

Front 71

With lysosomes this is worn-out organelles digestive?

Back 71

Autophagy

Front 72

With lysosomes this is when the entire cell is destroyed?

Back 72

Autolysis

Front 73

Site of most ATP production and has self replicating organelles?

Back 73

Mitochondria (powerhouse)

Front 74

The outer and inner folds that increase the surface area of the mitochondria is called the?

Back 74

Cristae

Front 75

The cavity part of the Mitochondria is called the?

Back 75

Matrix

Front 76

Mitochondria is abundant in_____such as_____cells?

Back 76

– Active Cells
– Muscle Cells

Front 77

This encloses the nucleus?

Back 77

Nuclear Envelope

Front 78

With the nucleus this produces ribosomes?

Back 78

Nucleolus

Front 79

With the nucleus this controls the cells activities?

Back 79

Chromosomes (DNA)

Front 80

With the nucleus these have 46 chromosomes, 23 from each parent?

Back 80

Human Somatic (body) Cells

Front 81

Within the nucleus what has DNA segments?

Back 81

Genes

Front 82

What is it called when the total number of genes in a cell is 30,000?

Back 82

Human Genome

Front 83

Single or double stranded (identical)?

Back 83

Chromosomes (DNA)

Front 84

Chromosome in a non-dividing cell?

Back 84

Chromatin

Front 85

Chromosome in a dividing cell?

Back 85

Chromatid

Front 86

DNA provides instructions for producing proteins through?

Back 86

Transcription And Translation

Front 87

Information contained in a specific region of DNA is first_____in nucleus to mRNA?

Back 87

Transcribed (copied)

Front 88

After DNA is transcribed (copied) the mRNA is then_____in cytoplasm by ribosome, into a Pacific sequence of amino acids to form a new_____?

Back 88

Translated (read), Protein

Front 89

Transcription occurs in the?

Back 89

Nucleus

Front 90

What starts transcription?

Back 90

Promoter

Front 91

What stops transcription?

Back 91

Terminator

Front 92

With cell division, this involves the mitotic phase where to genetically identical cells formed with 46 single-stranded chromosomes from original cell (46 double stranded chromosomes) is called?

Back 92

Somatic (body) Cell Division

Front 93

Cell division, this involves meiosis where 4 genetically non-identical gametes (sex) cells form with 23 single stranded chromosomes in each cell is called?

Back 93

Reproductive Cell Division

Front 94

With the somatic cell (life) cycle what are the 2 main phases?

Back 94

– Interphase
– Mitotic Phase

Front 95

Which phase of the somatic cell (life) cycle has growth between divisions?

Back 95

Interphase

Front 96

Which phase of the somatic cell (life) cycle is where cells divide?

Back 96

Mitotic Phase

Front 97

With Interphase, the growth phase is where the?

Back 97

DNA and Organelles Replicate

Front 98

2 types of mitotic phases?

Back 98

– Mitosis
– Cytokinesis

Front 99

Which mitotic phase is nuclear division, 46 double-stranded chromosomes (Chromatids) separated into 2 cells?

Back 99

Mitosis

Front 100

What are the 4 phases of mitosis?

Back 100

– Prophase
– Metaphase
– Anaphase
– Telophase

Front 101

This mitosis phase is where chromatin condenses into chromatids, and the nuclear envelope disappears?

Back 101

Prophase

Front 102

This mitosis phase is where double-stranded Chromatids line up at the middle of the cell?

Back 102

Metaphase

Front 103

This mitosis phase is where double-stranded chromatids move away to opposite poles of the cell?

Back 103

Anaphase

Front 104

This mitosis phase is where the nuclear envelope and chromatin reform?

Back 104

Telophase

Front 105

Which mitosis phase is where cytoplasm divides into 2 identical cells with 46 single-stranded chromosomes (Chromatids)?

Back 105

Cytokinesis

Front 106

With reproductive cell division, this has more genetically non-identical gametes (sex) cells form with 23 single-stranded chromosomes in each cell?

Back 106

Meiosis

Front 107

Somatic (body) cell division has genetically_____cells?

Back 107

Identical

Front 108

Reproductive cell division has genetically_____cells (gametes)?

Back 108

Non-Identical

Front 109

With cancer these cells divide without control and results in excessive tissue?

Back 109

Tumor (Neoplasm)

Front 110

With cancer this is malignant and has the ability to metastasize (spread) to other body parts?

Back 110

Cancerous Tumor

Front 111

With cancer this is non-malignant (wart) and does not metastasize?

Back 111

Benign Tumor

Front 112

With cancer this increases lymph flow reducing edema (swelling), provides pain relief, and decreases depression and anxiety?

Back 112

Massage Benefits

Front 113

Cancer treatments?

Back 113

– Surgery
– Chemotherapy
– Radiation

Front 114

What is progressive alteration of the body's homeostatic responses?

Back 114

Aging

Front 115

Excessive glucose forms irreversible cross-links between cell membrane proteins (stiffen cells) like when free radicals (unstable molecules) produce oxidative damage to nucliec acid (DNA and RNA) is what?

Back 115

Causes of Aging

Front 116

Vitamin C, vitamin D and selenium inhibited free radical formation?

Back 116

Antioxidants

Front 117

This genetically programs cells death?

Back 117

Apoptosis

Front 118

This is pathological cell death, it results from disease?

Back 118

Necrosis