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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heart linings |
1. Endicardium (lines heart chamber) 2. Myocardium (thick and muscular) 3. Epicardium (thin and protective) 4. Pericardium (protective sac with fluid) |
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Semilunar values |
Ventricles to aorta/pulnonary |
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Sinus node |
Pacemaker |
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Cardiac output |
Amount of blood pumped per min |
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Stoke volume |
Amount of blood pumped out of left vertical per heart beat (ml) |
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Heart rate |
Rhythmical contraction of hear walls Max = 220-age |
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Intensity of work |
Estimated by measuring heart rate via carotid or radial pulse |
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Increases anaerobic threshold |
Caused by endurance training Increase rate of lactic acid removal by; 1. Increase blood flow in muscles 2. Increase flow of lactic acid to blood 3. Increase metabolism of lactate |
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Reticulocytes |
Immature RBC (stored in bone marrow) |
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Arterial venous oxygen differnce |
Difference in O2 leaving lungs and returning |
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Factors affecting O2 delivery |
1. O2 extraction (ability of tissues to extract O2)
2. Capillarization (number of capillaries in tissues)
3. Cardiac output
4. Hematocrit |
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VO2 max |
Volume of O2 consumed due to aerobic metabolism Measure O2 uptake |
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3 aspects of respiration |
1. Ventilation (act of breathing) 2. Gas exchange 3. Oxygen utilization (at tissues) |
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Altitude effects |
Hyperventilation Acute mountain sickness (headache, brain and lung swelling) Increase O2 carrying capacity long term by increase RBC count |
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Exercise in heat |
Increase sweating Hyperthermia/heat stroke Increase skin blood flow (increase peripheral vasodilation) |
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Exercise in cold |
Hypothermia Peripheral vasoconstriction Clothing needs to be layered, not hold water, break wind, cover extremities well |
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Hematocrit |
Percent of blood made up of RBC (45%l |
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Hemoglobin |
Binds up to 4 O2 |
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Transport of CO2 |
1. CO2 dissolves in plasma (10%) 2. CO2 combineds with hemoglobin (20%) 3. CO2 binds with hemoglobin (causes chloride shift = balancing of acid base/ionic balance in blood) |
