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21 Cards in this Set

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이다

To be

무엇입니까?


의자입니다.

있다

To exist/be, to have

남자 친구가 있어요.

오늘이 며칠이에요?

Today's date

이천십구 년, 시월, 오일, 토요일

지금 몇 시예요?

네 시 팔 분 전이에요.


(세 시 오십이 분이에요.)

Present tense A/V-(스)ㅂ니다

Used mainly in formal or public situations. Eg. Military, broadcasts, presentations, meetings, and lectures.

운동을 합니까?


네, 운동을 합니다.

Present tense A/V-아/어요.

Informal polite style user most in daily life. Used among family members, friends, and other close acquaintances.



Present tense is also the present progressive tense and future tense (a certain future event).

저는 대학교에 다닙니다.


저는 지근 공부를 합니다.


저는 네일 학교에 갑니다.

Past tense A/V-았/었어요.

The past tense (았/었) can be added to the formal and polite ending forms.

토요일에 영화를 봤어요?


네, 봤어요. 재미있었어요.

Future tense V-(으)ㄹ 거예요.

Used to express a future plan or intention. Means 'will' or 'is going to.'

언제 고향에 돌아갈 거예요?


내년에 돌아갈 거예요.

Progressive tense V-고 있다.

Expressing the progression or continuation of an action. The equivalent of '-ing' in English.



Can be used in conjunction with the past tense.

지금 어디에서 살고 있어요?


서울에서 살고 있어요.



왜 아까 전화를 안 받았어요?


샤워하고 있었어요.

Past perfect tense A/V-았/었었어요.

Used to express something or a situation that occurred in the past but did not continue or something separate from the present because it occurred much earlier than when the speaker is describing it. Approximates to 'did/had (in the past)' in English.

댄 씨는 서울에서 1년 동안 살았었어요.

안 A/V-아/어요


A/V-지 않아요

Added to verbs or adjectives to negate an action or state. Similar to 'not' in English.


하다


'Noun 안 하다'


'안 Adjective'

집이 멀어요?


아니요, 안 멀어요. 가까워요.



토요일에 회사에 가요?


아니요. 토요일에는 가지 않아요.

못 V-아/어요


V-지 못해요

Expresses the subject's lack of ability to do something or the fact that something does not go according to one's wish or hope due to some external factor. Similar to 'cannot' in English.

운전해요?


아니요. 운전 못해요. 운전을 안 배웠어요.

N이/가

Added to the end of a subject to designate is as the subject of the sentence. Words ending in a vowel use 가, and words ending in a consonant use 이.



Also used to emphasize the preceding subject.



Also used to express new information in a sentence, introduction of a new topic.

조엘 씨가 빵을 먹어요.



누가 안 왔어요?


요코 씨가 안 왔어요.



옛날에 한 남자가 살았어요. 그 남자는 아이들이 두 명 있었어요.

N은/는

Added to the end of what the speaker wants to talk about. Similar to 'as for' or 'regarding.' Words ending in a vowel use 는, and words ending in a consonant use 은.



Also used when referring to something mentioned in an earlier conversation known by both parties of the conversation.



Also used when comparing or contrasting two things. Can be attached to subjects or objects or other parts of a sentence.

제 직업은 변호사입니다.



저는 작년에 뉴욕에 갔었어요. 뉴욕은 정말 아름다웠어요.



저는 축구는 좋아해요. 그렇지만 야구는 좋아하지 않아요.

N을/를

Added to a noun to express the object of the sentence. Nouns ending in a vowel use 를, verbs ending in a consonant use 을.

무슨 운동을 좋아해요?


축구를 좋아해요.

N와/과, N(이)랑, N하고

Expresses the listing of various things or people. Similar to 'and' in English.



와/과 Is used mainly in writing, presentations, and speeches.


(이)랑 and 하고 are used in everyday conversation.



랑 and 와 are used when nouns end in a vowel. 이랑 and 과 are used when nouns end in a consonant.

가족과 함께 여행을 가고 싶어요.



무슨 음식을 좋아해요?


냉면이랑 김밥을 좋아해요.



옷하고 운동화를 살 거예요.

N의

Expresses the possessive relationship of the first noun being the possessor of the second noun. Similar to 'of' or '(Noun)'s' in English.



Generally pronounced as 에.



나의 -> 내


저의 -> 제


너의 -> 네

이것은 누구의 우산입니까?


재준 씨의 우산입니다.

N에

Expresses the direction in which a particular behavior proceeds. Similar to 'to' in English.



Used with: 가다, 오다, 다니다, 돌아가다, 도착하다, 올라가다, 내려가다.



Also used with 있다 and 없다 to express the location of a person or thing. Similar to 'in' or 'on' in English.

우리 집에 오세요.



소파 위에 강아지가 있어요.

N에

Added to nouns that indicate time and expresses the time when some action, event, or situation occurs. Similar to 'at' or 'on' in English. Can combine with 는 and 도 to form 에는 and 에도.

토요일에 만나요.



다음 주 토요일 오전 10시 30분에 만나요.

N에서

Used to express the place at which some action or behavior occurs. Corresponds to 'at' or 'in' in English.

백화점에서 쇼핑해요.

N에서 N까지, N부터 N까지

Express the physical or temporal range over which an action or event occurs. Corresponds

Ndjjs