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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What type of joint is the knee |
Modified hinge synovial joint |
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What joints make up the knee |
Condylar joints Sellar (saddle) joint |
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What is the capsule |
The capsule is attached to margin of articulating bone surfaces except anteriorly- provided by patella |
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What does the synovial membrane do |
Lines capsule |
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What does a bursae do |
Reduces friction |
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What is the medial ligament |
Tibial collateral ligament |
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What is the medial ligament |
Tibial collateral ligament |
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What does collateral ligaments do |
Prevent lateral movement of knee joint Prevent rotation when joint extended |
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What is the medial ligament |
Tibial collateral ligament |
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What does collateral ligaments do |
Prevent lateral movement of knee joint Prevent rotation when joint extended |
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What is the lateral ligament |
Fibular collateral ligament |
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What is the medial ligament |
Tibial collateral ligament |
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What does collateral ligaments do |
Prevent lateral movement of knee joint Prevent rotation when joint extended |
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What is the lateral ligament |
Fibular collateral ligament |
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Where can articular (hyaline) cartilage be found |
Can be found on the condyles of femur, tibial plateau and patella |
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What is the medial ligament |
Tibial collateral ligament |
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What does collateral ligaments do |
Prevent lateral movement of knee joint Prevent rotation when joint extended |
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What is the lateral ligament |
Fibular collateral ligament |
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Where can articular (hyaline) cartilage be found |
Can be found on the condyles of femur, tibial plateau and patella |
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MCL and LCL stand for what |
MCL- medial collateral ligament LCL - lateral collateral ligament |
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What is the medial ligament |
Tibial collateral ligament |
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What does collateral ligaments do |
Prevent lateral movement of knee joint Prevent rotation when joint extended |
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What is the lateral ligament |
Fibular collateral ligament |
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Where can articular (hyaline) cartilage be found |
Can be found on the condyles of femur, tibial plateau and patella |
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MCL and LCL stand for what |
MCL- medial collateral ligament LCL - lateral collateral ligament |
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Describe the medial collateral ligament (MCL) (2) |
Is a fan shaped ligament extends from the femur to the shaft of the tibia Attaches to the medial meniscus |
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What is the medial ligament |
Tibial collateral ligament |
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What does collateral ligaments do |
Prevent lateral movement of knee joint Prevent rotation when joint extended |
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What is the lateral ligament |
Fibular collateral ligament |
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Where can articular (hyaline) cartilage be found |
Can be found on the condyles of femur, tibial plateau and patella |
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MCL and LCL stand for what |
MCL- medial collateral ligament LCL - lateral collateral ligament |
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Describe the medial collateral ligament (MCL) (2) |
Is a fan shaped ligament extends from the femur to the shaft of the tibia Attaches to the medial meniscus |
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Describe the lateral collateral ligament LCL (2) |
This cord-like ligament extends from the femur to the fibula Does not attach the to the lateral meniscus |
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What are the lateral and medial menisci |
These are C shaped fibro- cartilaginous avascular structures |
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What are the lateral and medial menisci |
These are C shaped fibro- cartilaginous avascular structures |
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Describe the lateral and medial menisci |
The medial meniscus is larger than the lateral The menisci are attached anterior and posterior to the intercondylar eminence of the tibia |
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What is the menisci |
Semilunar cartilage |
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What does the menisci do |
Stabilises joint prevent lateral movement and absorbs shock |
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What does a crucial ligament prevent |
Prevent anterioposterior movement |
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What do the cruciate ligament do in terms of the tibia and femur |
Joins the tibia to the femur within the capsule but outside the synovial membrane |
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What do the cruciate ligament do in terms of the tibia and femur |
Joins the tibia to the femur within the capsule but outside the synovial membrane |
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The ACL stand for |
Anterior cruciate ligament |
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The ACL arises from |
Arises anteriorly from the intercondylar area of the tibia |
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Where does the ACL extends |
Extends superiorly posteriorly and laterally |
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Where does the ACL extends |
Extends superiorly posteriorly and laterally |
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Where does the ACL attach |
Posteriorly to the medial side of the lateral femoral condyle |
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What does the ACL do when leg is extended |
Becomes taut |
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What does the ACL do when leg is extended |
Becomes taut |
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What does the ACL prevent |
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension of the joint Is the weaker of the two cruciates |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament arise from |
Arises posteriorly from the intercondylar area of the tibia |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament arise from |
Arises posteriorly from the intercondylar area of the tibia |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament extend from |
Extends superiorly anteriorly and medially |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament arise from |
Arises posteriorly from the intercondylar area of the tibia |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament extend from |
Extends superiorly anteriorly and medially |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach |
Attaches Anteriorly to the lateral side of the medial femoral condyle |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament arise from |
Arises posteriorly from the intercondylar area of the tibia |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament extend from |
Extends superiorly anteriorly and medially |
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Where does the posterior cruciate ligament attach |
Attaches Anteriorly to the lateral side of the medial femoral condyle |
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What happens to the PCL when leg is extended and what does it prevent |
Becomes taut Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia on the femur |
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The knee joint capsule is reinforced by |
Tendons |
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Anterior muscles of the thigh The quadriceps femoris muscle comprises of 4 parts what are the 4 parts |
Vastus lateralis Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus intermedialis lies deep to rectus femoris |
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The tendons of the these muscles combine to form the quadriceps _____ this attaches to the _______ and continues to its insertions on the _____ ____ (TB) |
Tendon Patella Tibial tuberosity |
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All quadriceps femoris muscle are all innervated by the |
Femoral nerve |
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What test quadriceps muscle strength |
Extension of leg against resistance |
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The hamstrings do what |
Extend the thigh and and flex the leg |
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The hamstrings do what |
Extend the thigh and and flex the leg |
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The hamstring comprises of what 4 muscles |
Short head of bicep femoris Long head of bicep femoris Semitendinosis Semimembranosus |
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The hamstrings do what |
Extend the thigh and and flex the leg |
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The hamstring comprises of what 4 muscles |
Short head of bicep femoris Long head of bicep femoris Semitendinosis Semimembranosus |
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How is the muscle strength of the hamstring tested |
Patient lying on their back with the knee extended. Flexion of the leg should be restated against resistance |
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The facia Lata lies where |
Between superficial fascia and the muscles groups |
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The facia Lata lies where |
Between superficial fascia and the muscles groups |
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The fascia lata is attached what four ways |
Superiorly - inguinal ligament body of pubis and pubic tubercle Laterally- iliac crest Posteriorly- sacrum coccyx and ischail tubersoisty Inferiorly- tibia |
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The facia Lata lies where |
Between superficial fascia and the muscles groups |
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The fascia lata is attached what four ways |
Superiorly - inguinal ligament body of pubis and pubic tubercle Laterally- iliac crest Posteriorly- sacrum coccyx and ischail tubersoisty Inferiorly- tibia |
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What form the Iliotibial tract |
Fascia lata and the lateral tibial condyle |
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What two muscles have insertions proximally |
Gluteus maximus Tensor fasciae latae |
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The popliteal fossa Border (2) Contents (2) |
Superolateral - bicep femoris Inferomedial - medial head of gastrocnemius Contents- tibial nerve popliteal artery, vein |
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The blood supply of the knee What artery and where does it branch from |
Popliteal artery Branches from anastomosis |
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The blood supply of the knee What artery and where does it branch from |
Popliteal artery Branches from anastomosis |
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What nerve is the direct supply to the knee |
Obturator |
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The blood supply of the knee What artery and where does it branch from |
Popliteal artery Branches from anastomosis |
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What nerve is the direct supply to the knee |
Obturator |
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What nerves supply the muscles that cross the knee joint |
Femoral and sciatic |
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The blood supply of the knee What artery and where does it branch from |
Popliteal artery Branches from anastomosis |
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What nerve is the direct supply to the knee |
Obturator |
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What nerves supply the muscles that cross the knee joint And where else do these nerves supply |
Femoral and sciatic The hip hence disease in the hip may be felt in the knee |
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What muscles make up the pes anserinus tendon |
Say Grace before Tea Sartorius Gracilis Semitendinosus |
