Kingdom Animalia Micro

Front 1

What kingdom are algae in?

Back 1

It's kingdom protista

Front 2

Algae optain energy how?

Back 2

they are photosynthesizing photo autotrophs that use chlorophyll.

Front 3

What is the exception of seaweed,

Back 3

ALthough algae, they are not unicellular, they are multicellular.

Front 4

Where do algae live?

Back 4

The live in aquatic environments.

Front 5

What are the 2 algae divisions?

Back 5

Planktonic and Seaweeds

Front 6

What are some families of seaweeds? 3

Back 6

Phaeophyta the brown algae
Rhodophyta the red algae
Chlorophyta the green algae

Front 7

What are some families (2) of planktonic floating algaes?

Back 7

Chrysophyta the diatoms,
dinophyta or pyrrophyta the dinoflagellates.

Front 8

Phaeophyta
commonly called? Color? What they make?
Representative species?

Back 8

Brown, because of fucoxanthin. Algin is obtained from them.
Sargassum

Front 9

Rhodophyta what are they also called? What color? What do they contain? What is obtained from them? (2 things)
Rep?

Back 9

Reddish because of phycobilin. Agar and carrageenan are obtained from them.
Gelidium

Front 10

Chlorophyta
what color? rep?, ancestors?
What is unique to them as opposed to red and green algae?

Back 10

They are green algae, unicellular with cellulose cell walls
Spyrogyra (pond scum)
Ulva (sea lettuce)
ancestors of modern terrestial plants
and have freshwaterforms unlike other algae.

Front 11

algin is obtained from?

Back 11

Sargassum, phaeophyta seaweeds. Brown

Front 12

Where can i get some Agar for my lab experiments?

Back 12

buy it, or obtain it from Gelidium, which are red algae rhodophyta of the Seaweeds Division

Front 13

Where is the food additive carrageenan obtained?

Back 13

From Gelidium; a red algae of the rhodophyta, a seaweed.

Front 14

Chyrsophyta

Back 14

diatoms, w/ cell walls of silicon dioxide
really complex cool shapes

Front 15

Dinophyta or pyrrophyta

Back 15

dinoflagellates make neurotoxins during blooms called red tides.
Make most of the O2 on earth, and are primary producers.
Fossil fuels are largely remians of these two groups.

Front 16

Where do we get fossil fuels?

Back 16

From dinophyta or Pyrrophyta.

Front 17

Red tide

Back 17

a neurotoxin that is released during spring blooms by dinoflagellates, dinophyta pyrrophyta.

Front 18

Where does most of the O2 on earth come from

Back 18

dinoflagelletes Dinophyta or pyrrophyta

Front 19

What possese a cell wall of silicon dioxide?

Back 19

Chrysophyta

Front 20

Protozoa

Back 20

of kingdom protista, animal like protists that are chemoheterotrophs
unicelled
have symbiotic relationships with animals (termites)

Front 21

What has symbiotic relationships with termintes?

Back 21

Protozoa

Front 22

4 phyla of protozoas.

Back 22

sarcodina: amoeba
mastigophora: flagelletes
ciliophora: the ciliates
apicomplexa: obligate intracellular parasites

Front 23

apicomplexa

Back 23

malaria: obligate intracellular parasites phylum of protazoa

Front 24

ciliophora

Back 24

paramecium
Generally not medically important, use cilia to move

Front 25

Mastigophora

Back 25

giardia
causes giardiasis (bever fever)
shits, campers get it.

Front 26

Sarcodina

Back 26

Amoeba: Entamoeba causes amoebic dysentery

Front 27

Life cycle of a protozoan

Back 27

ie Plasmodium: sexual reproduction, in Anopheles mosquito.
Mosquito bites someone and sporozoites enter the blood and travel to the liver.
They mlitiply by schizogeny in the liver and new cells are called merozoites, that enter the blood and infect rbcs.
As they grow asexually rbcs rupture releasing more merozoites and toxins which cause the fever and chills associated with the disease.
*Some cells called gametocytes formed and can be picked up by other mosquitoes to repeat the cycle.

Front 28

Definite vs Intermediate host

Back 28

def: harbors the sexual stage, intermediate is because of asexual reproduction.

Front 29

sporozoites

Back 29

infective particles that enter the blood through mosquito bites

Front 30

which mosquitoes do plasmodiums infect?

Back 30

Anopheles mosquito

Front 31

schizogeny

Back 31

in the liver where plasmodium multiply: the process)

Front 32

merozoites

Back 32

new blood cells released by rbc's rupturing or the newly multiplied cells through schizogeny.

Front 33

FUNGI

Back 33

aerobic or facultatively anaerobic chemoheterotrophs
decomposers, some pathonogenic.
Yeasts are only unicellular,
cell walls of chitin

Front 34

4 divisions of FUngi

Back 34

zygomycota
ascomycota
basidiomycota
deutromycota

Front 35

zygomycota are called what? A rep? What do they produce?

Back 35

conjugative fungi:
Rhizopus: black bread mold
make zygospores sexually, union of two compatible strands of fungi (hypae)

Front 36

Ascomycota
aka
rep x 2
sproes?

Back 36

sac fungi
neurospora a mold
saccharomyces a yeast
sexual ascospores are enclosed in sac like ascus

Front 37

how are divisions in the fungi classified?

Back 37

based on the type of sexual spore they make

Front 38

What is Rhizopus

Back 38

common black bread mold
zygomycota

Front 39

Saccharomyces

Back 39

yeast, ascomycota

Front 40

neruospora

Back 40

ascomycota: mold

Front 41

What makes common bread mold?

Back 41

Rhizpus

Front 42

Basidiomycota

Back 42

club fungi: mushrooms sexual basidiospores are present at the tips of stalk like apendages called basidia

Front 43

Deuteromycota

Back 43

doesn't make sexual spores. But if they do they are recategorized.

Front 44

ascus
hyphae
basidia
divisions and the aka.

Back 44

ascomycota: sac fungi
zygomycota: conjugation fungi
basidiomycota: club fungi

Front 45

Yeasts important for..

Back 45

make bread beer wine spirits..

Front 46

Link between fungus and algae symbiosis

Back 46

lichens.

Front 47

4 phylum of Animalia

Back 47

Platyhelminthes: flatworms
nematoda: roundworms
rotifera: rotifers
Arthropoda; as vectors.

Front 48

Platyhelminthes

Back 48

phyla of the kingdom animalia
flatworms
Trematodes or flukes attach to host and suck fluids
Cestodes or tapeworms exist in GI and eat hosts food

Front 49

Nematoda

Back 49

phyla of Kingdom animalia
Nematoda: roundworms
Not parasites very ubiquitous in soil and water.
:pinworms and hookworms are exceptions

Front 50

rotifera

Back 50

a phyla of kingdom animalia
free living frehwater organisms also wheel creatures.

Front 51

wheel creatures
what phylum

Back 51

rotifers

Front 52

non parasitic roundworms, which phylum

Back 52

Nematoda

Front 53

What phylum are cestodes and trematodes?

Back 53

They are of platyhelminthes

Front 54

Arhtropoda

Back 54

phylum of kingdom animalia that include
insecta and arachnida

Front 55

insecta ones we study in class
and arachnida ones we study in class. What are the main causations of the disease associated with these creatures?

Back 55

Insecta mosquito/malaria anopheles, and the protozoa: plasmodiums
arachnida ticks: lyme disease : bacteria of the spirochetes: borrelia

Front 56

Some disease that mosquitoes may transmit?

Back 56

Dengate malaria westnile and yellow fever

Front 57

Virus definition:

Back 57

Non living obligate intracellular parasite
or
simplest living things there are depends...

Front 58

What do viruses always contain?what can they sometimes have? (made of carb,lipids, and proteins. like a plasma membrane?)

Back 58

Always have DNA or RNA and a protein coat( capsid) and sometimes have envelope.

Front 59

Host range

Back 59

the types of cells in a particular species that a virus can infect.

Front 60

Range of size to see viruses with e- microscope.

Back 60

20-1000nm in length.

Front 61

Virion

Back 61

mature, infective partiple consisting of nucleic acid and protein coat: and envelope depending on species.

Front 62

Viral arrangements of nucleic acids can be....

Back 62

RNA or DNA, single or double stranded, linear or circular.

Front 63

CAPSID

Back 63

protein coat with subunits of capsomeres

Front 64

If the virus has an envelope how does it attach to it's prey?

Back 64

spikes..

Front 65

Helcical viruses

Back 65

capsomeres assembled in a helical config. long rods, capsids are hollow cylinders

Front 66

polyhedral

Back 66

many sided: capsid is usually icosahedron ( 20 faces) like the bacteriaphage.

Front 67

Complex Viruses

Back 67

polyhedral head and complex tail bacteriophages

Front 68

Which viruses are usually enveloped?

Back 68

animal viruses

Front 69

General morphology of viruses

Back 69

Helical
Polyhedral
Envelooped
Complex

Front 70

Taxonomy of viruses.

Back 70

based type of nucleic acid, life cycle and morphology

Front 71

A viral species is defined as

Back 71

a group of viruses sharing the same genetic info and ecological niche (host range)

Front 72

RNA viruses
3 of them

Back 72

HIV
Polio
Rabies

Front 73

DNA viruses 2 of them

Back 73

HPV
HSV

Front 74

HSV

Back 74

herpes simplex virus
Family herpesviridae Genus simplex virus
A DNA virus

Front 75

HPV

Back 75

DNA Virus
human papillomavirus
Family Papvaviridae
Genus: papillomavirus

Front 76

Poliovirus

Back 76

RNA virus
Family picornaviridae
Genus Enteroviridae

Front 77

Rabies virus

Back 77

RNA virus
Family rhabdoviridae
genus Lyssavirus

Front 78

HIV

Back 78

human immunodeficiency virus RNA Virus
Family Retroviridae
Genus Lentivirus

Front 79

Bacteriophages

Back 79

means bacteria eater, carry genome as DOUBLE stranded
have complex morphology

Front 80

Lysogenic cycle

Back 80

phage incorporates nucleic acid in host cell chrom. and remains dormant for a period of time

Front 81

Lytic cycle

Back 81

phage causes the lysis and death of host bacteria as it replicates.

Front 82

Which phages are lysogenic?

Back 82

Temperate

Front 83

Which phages are Lytic

Back 83

virulent

Front 84

What type of phage is lambda?

Back 84

it is temperate and uses lysogenic

Front 85

What type of phages are T2 and T4?

Back 85

they are virulent and use lytic

Front 86

Stages of lytic

Back 86

attach, w tail fibers at receptor sites
penetrate: tail sheath forces Phage DNA capsid stays outside
Biosynthesis: transcription, translation, and replication of viral DNA
Maturation: new phage DNA and spasids assemble into virions
Release lysozyme no cell wall, new virions released.

Front 87

Stages of lysogenic

Back 87

attach
penetrate
no bio synth yet..
Viral DNA recombines with bacterial chromosome to form a prophage. this replicates with bacterial DNA until it gets bored and then completes lytic stages.

Front 88

Prophage

Back 88

during the lysogenic cycle when Viral DNA recombines with bacterial DNA.