Kinesiology - Lecture 1

Front 1

Kinematics

Back 1

Forces applied to the body which produce, change, &/Or stop motion

Front 2

Internal Kinematics

Back 2

-Tension created by the muscles, tendons & ligaments on bone

Front 3

External Kinematics

Back 3

-Gravity, segmental mass, free weights, manual resistance equipment

Front 4

Kinetics - Statics

Back 4

-The study of factors associated with non-moving systems
-Determining forces which act on a body at rest
-Equilibrium

Front 5

Kinetics - Dynamincs

Back 5

-Forces associated with systems in motion
-Object under the action of unbalanced forces

Front 6

Osteokinematics

Back 6

Motion of the bones relative to the three cardinal planes

Front 7

Cardinal Planes

Back 7

Sagittal Plane - L/R
Frontal/Coronal - Front/Back
Horizontal/Transverse - Top/Bottom

Front 8

Center of Gravity

Back 8

Where all three cardinal planes intersect

Front 9

Axis of Rotation

Back 9

-Point around which movement occurs
-Plane of movement is perpendicular to axis of rotation
-Axis is typically found on the convex bone

Front 10

Synarthrosis

Back 10

Structure
-Immovable, no true joint cavity, dense irregular connective tissue
Function
-Bind bones together, transmit forces from bone to bone, disperse forces over large area

Front 11

Synarthrosis - Types

Back 11

Suture - Skull
Gomphosis - Tooth
Syndesmosis - Distal tibiofibular joint; interosseus membranes

Front 12

Amphiarthrosis

Back 12

Structure
-Slightly movable, no true joint cavity, fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
Function
-Restrained movement, transmit forces to bone

Front 13

Amphiarthrosis - Types

Back 13

Symphysis - intervertebral joints ; symphysis pubis
Synchondrosis - 1st sternocostal joint

Front 14

Diarthrosis

Back 14

Structure
-Freely movable, true joint cavity
Function
-Movement

Front 15

Elements of a Diarthroidial Joint

Back 15

Synovial Fluid
Articular Cartilage
Articular Capsule - Stratum Fibrosum
Synovial Membrane - Stratum Synovium
Capsular Ligaments
Blood Vessels
Sensory Nerves

Front 16

Degrees of Freedom for a Synovial Joint

Back 16

# of independent movements allowed
-# of coordinates necessary to specify the position of object in space
-# of planes in which joint segments move
-# of primary axes of a joint

Front 17

Arthrokinematics

Back 17

-Passive translations that occur in most joints
-Defined in three directions
Anterior/Posterior, Medial/Lateral, Superior/Inferior

Front 18

Kinematic Chains

Back 18

A series of links in which the function of one has consequences on all other links by virtue of thier connections

Front 19

OKC

Back 19

Open Kinematic Chain
-Distal segment of the chain is not fixed
-Not stereotypical, no particular pattern

Front 20

CKC

Back 20

Closed Kinematic Chain
-Distal segment of chain is fixed
-Predictable

Front 21

Closed Packed Position

Back 21

Maximum Bone Contact, Taut Ligaments
Position of Maximum Congruence Between Bones

Front 22

Loose Packed Position

Back 22

Little bone contact
Lax Ligaments - Great accessory mobility

Front 23

Resting Position

Back 23

Maximum Loose Packed
Maximum Accessory Mobility

Front 24

Types of Motion

Back 24

Rotatory - Spin
Translatory - Glide/Slide
Curvilinear - Roll

Front 25

Convex - Concave Rule

Back 25

-If the CONVEX BONE is stable and the CONCAVE BONE is moved, then the concave surfaces will move in the same direction as the distal end of the extremity
-If the CONCAVE BONE is stable and the CONVEX BONE is moved, then the convex surface moves in a direction opposite to the bone segment