Kines Final-The Ankle And Foot

Front 1

26 bones of the foot

Back 1

7 tarsals
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges
2 sesmoid bones

Front 2

the two arches of the foot (structure of foot)

Back 2

-longitudinal arch: heal to heads of five metatarsals
-transverse arch: side to side concavity

Front 3

joints

Back 3

tibiofibular joint:
-syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint
-joined at both proximal and distal tibiofibular joint
-minimal movement possible
-distal joint becomes sprained occasionally in heavy contact sport

Front 4

syndesmosis joint sprain

Back 4

high ankle sprain: primarily involves anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

Front 5

ankle is what kind of joint?

Back 5

hinge joint
articulation of talus with distal ends of tibia and fibula
talocrural joint
membranous capsule

Front 6

joints of the foot

Back 6

subtalar and transverse tarsal joints:
classified as gliding, responsible for inversion and eversion, minimal movement in the remaining intertarsal joints and tarsometatarsal joints

Front 7

joints of the foot (cont)

Back 7

tarsometatarsal joints: gliding, not much movement

metatarsophalangeal joint: condyloid joints

Front 8

structure of the foot

Back 8

given strength and elasticity through large number of ligaments, muscles, and other connective tissue
-many joints that generally function together

Front 9

movements:
1.plantar flexion/dorsi flexion:
2. eversion/inversion:
3.flexion/extension:
4.add/abd

Back 9

1. ankle
2. subtalor and transverse tarsal joints
3. metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
4. metatarsophalangeal joints

Front 10

anterior ankle and foot

posteriorly

laterally

medially

Back 10

dorsal flexors

plantar flexors

evertors

invertors

Front 11

plantar flexion

Back 11

gastrocmenius
soleus
tibialis posterior
proneus longus

Front 12

evertors

Back 12

peroneus longus

Front 13

dorsiflexors

Back 13

tibialis anterior

Front 14

invertors

Back 14

tibialis anterior and posterior

Front 15

vertical

Back 15

jump

Front 16

what will the height of the jump be determined by?

Back 16

-the vertical velocity of the body's center of gravity
-the aim is to attain the greatest take-off

Front 17

preparatory phase

takeoff phase

Back 17

flex hip, knee, DF ankle

entend hip, knee PF ankle

Front 18

mechanics for the VJ and two- joint muscle

Back 18

many muscles of the lower extremeties cross more than 1 joint
-the muscle mass of the legs is concentrated near the proximal joint

-body must compensate as the distal joints support a greater proportion of the total body mass

Front 19

bi articular muscles:

Back 19

rectus femoris: flex hip and extend the knee

Ham strings: flex the knee and extend the hip

gastrocnemius: knee flexion and plantar flexion

Front 20

the ankles power in the VJ

Back 20

has 6x more power than could be generated during isolated ankle plantarflexion
-transferred mechanical energy from B-A muscles

Front 21

B-A muscles help what

Back 21

transfer mechanical energy, net result is basically an isometric contraction for these muscles

Front 22

what are the benefits of isometric action

Back 22

keep muscle near resting length: best for force-length property

keep muscles near zero shortening/ lengthening velocity: best for force velocity property

-this also allows the muscles to act as a stiff cable and transfer energy from more proximal uni-articular muscles to distal segments

Front 23

in down phase (squat) the glute gives for to..

Back 23

rectus femoris

and then the rec gives force to the gasterocnemus for the up phase (helps the ankle)

Front 24

25% of the work done in plantar flexion was derived from the:

Back 24

knee extensors via the GAS

this system allows large proximal muscles to do work at distal joints were muscles much smaller

Front 25

the trunk and

Back 25

spinal column

Front 26

vertebral column : complex

Back 26

24 intricate and complex articulating vertebrae

31 pairs of spinal nerves

Front 27

bones
24 articulating and 9 fused vertabrae:

Back 27

7 cervical (neck)
12 thoractic
5 lumbar (lower back)
5 sacrum
4 coccyx

Front 28

3 normal curves within the spine

Back 28

-thoracic spine curves posteriorly
-cervical and lumbar spine curve anteriorly
-spinal curves enable it to absorb blows and shocks

Front 29

vertabrae increases in size from cervical to lumbar region due to

Back 29

lower back having to support more weight

Front 30

SPINAL DEVIATIONS:
-lordosis

-kyphosis

-lumbar kyphosis

-scoliosis

Back 30

-increased posterior concavity of lumbar and cervical curves

-increased anterior concavity of thoracic curve

-reduction of normal lordotic curve, resulting in a flat back appearance

Front 31

thorax: 12 pairs of ribs=

Back 31

- 7 pairs of true ribs attach directly to sternum

-5 pairs of false ribs: 3 pairs attached indirectly to sternum and 2 pairs of floating ribs (ends are free)

Front 32

all ribs are attached posteriorly

Back 32

to the thoracic vertebrae

Front 33

minimal movement between any 2 vertebrae except what

Back 33

C1 and C2

Front 34

atlanto-occipital articulation

Back 34

two joints act as a hinge

permit flexion and extension

where the spine meets the brain

Front 35

atlantoaxial articulation

Back 35

perfect example of a pivot joint

sole function is rotation

Dens projects upward from axis and held in place by transverse ligament

Front 36

most movement occurs in

Back 36

cervical and lumbar

some slight thoracic movement

Front 37

movements of head

Back 37

movement between cranium and first cervical and within other cervical vertebrae
-referred as cervical movements

Front 38

trunk movements

Back 38

lumbar motion terminology describes combined motion in thoracic and lumbar

Front 39

intervertebral disks

Back 39

annulus fibrosus: outer rim of dense fibrocartilage

nucleus pulposus: central gelatinous, pulpy substance

compressed elastic material: allows compression in all directions along with torsion- becomes less resilient with age, injury, or improper use

Front 40

trunk and spinal column muscles

Back 40

sternocleidomastoid and splenius muscles: large muscles involved in cervical and head movements

Front 41

erector spinae (trunk and spinal muscles)

Back 41

largest muscle
extends on each side of spinal column from pelvic region to cranium
divided into 3 muscles, actually 9 muscles

Front 42

trunk and spinal muscles- large abdominal muscles

Back 42

lumbar movements: rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominal, internal oblique abdominal and quatratus lumborum

Front 43

man muscles of trunk and spinal column function in

Back 43

moving spine and aiding respiration

Front 44

allllll muscles that move the head

Back 44

originate on cervical vertebrae and insert on occipital bone of skull anterior