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84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Characteristics of all muscle types
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-Excitability -Contractility -Extensibility -Elasticity -Parallel Elastic Component(PEC) -Series Elastic Component(SEC) |
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Excitability
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The Ability to respond to a stimulus -Nervous system usually excited by muscle |
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Contractility
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The ability to apply tension
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Extensibility
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The ability to stretch
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Elasticity
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The ability to return to normal length after the stretching force is removed
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Skeletal Muscle Functions: Locomotion
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A movement of the body from place to place or movement of parts of the body from place to place. Running, jumping, walking |
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Skeletal Muscle Functions: Breathing
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Diaphragm - supports movement when breathing
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Skeletal Muscle Functions: Postural support
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Fight against gravity
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Skeletal Muscle Functions: Heat Production
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Shivering
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Skeletal Muscle Appearance:
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- Striated - the appearance of the striations is because the proteins are arranged into sarcomeres - Massive Cells - Multi nucleated |
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Location of Nuclei:
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Nuclei can be found right under the sarcolemma
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Skeletal Muscle Location:
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The skeletal
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Skeletal Muscle Regulation:
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What branch of the nervous system is voluntary control of skeletal muscle?
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Somatic Nervous System
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Skeletal muscle detail:
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Long cylindrical muscle Each Fiber is a large cell Large Aspect Ratio - Length dived by its width |
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Nuclear Domain
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is the part is the part of a cells cytoplasm that is governed by a single myonuclei
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Skeletal Muscle Are:
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Structurally Independent
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Epimysium
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The connective tissue sheath covering a muscle, outside of muscle Surrounds and spectates whole muscle |
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Perimysium
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The connective tissue sheath covering a fasciculus Fasciculus can have 12 - 150 muscle fibers per fasciculus |
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Endomysium
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The connective tissue sheath covering an individual muscle fiber Surrounds and separates individual muscle cells or fibers |
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The sarcolemma is...
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The outer boundary of the muscle cell!
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Right outside the sarcolemma there are..
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Satellite Cells - Inactive Myoblasts
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A Myoblast is a...
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mononuclear muscle cell precursor (immature cell)
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Satellite Cells...
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Migrate into to a cell or move onto a cell to help cell Growth and Repair
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Nerve Supply Motor
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Motor (Efferent) Neurons - Contraction Alpha Motor Neurons Gamma Motor Neurons |
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Nerve Supply Sensory
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Sensory (afferent) Neurons - Chemo receptors - o2 concentration Pressure receptors Pain receptors Barrel receptors |
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Motor Unit is..
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An Alpha Motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
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Several Motor Units have
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muscle fibers in a motor unit that are non contingues - don't touch each other - they talk with other units - mixed up
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Neuromuscular (myoneural) Junction : 3 Parts |
1. Axon Terminal of the alpha motor neuron 2. Synaptic Clift 3. Motor End Plate |
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Inside the axon terminal there are synaptic vesicles at rest store...
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AcH - neuro transmitter
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Literal space between the junction the fiber is call the Synaptic Clift and this space is...
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Space that Ach needs to travel arcos to reach the muscle fiber
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Motor End Plate is...
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Specialized region at the neuromuscular junction (bunched up surface area of the sarcolemma that makes an end plate potential)
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The purpose for the Motor End Plate with a huge surface area is for...
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Ach Receptors that can bind to Ach to cerate an end plate potential
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Motor Unit Control can be a few or a few hundred depending on the need
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What determines the number of muscle fibers that are innervated by a single neuron?
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The need for precise control
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Where you need very fine control...
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you have a small number of muscle fibers per motor unit
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Muscle Microstructure 3 Parts
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1. Cell membrane (sarcolemma) 2. Nucleus 3. Cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) |
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Cell Membrane (sarcolemma) function
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Encloses the contents of the cell and regulates the passage of martials into and out of the cell Like Glucose |
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Nucleus Function
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Contains genetic martial - DNA Also there are many nuclei in skeletal muscle |
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Cytoplasm (sarcoplasm) Function
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Everything also besides the cell membrane and the nucleus
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Cytoplasm Comparison to Cytosol
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Cytoplasm- everything but the nucleus Cytosol -everything but the nucleus and the organelles |
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Sarcoplasm Organelles:
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Mitochondrion
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Power house - Produces aerobic ATP
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Ribosome
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Assemble amino acids into proteins Track stimulus that comes from the nuclei |
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Ca2+ storage at rest and release when muscle cells contract
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Transverse Tubules (t tubules)
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Conducts action potential down into to interior muscle cell
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Terminal Cisternae (lateral Sacs)
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is the part of sarcoplasmic reticulum that meets with t tubules This is right next to the t tubes Storage of calcium |
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Cytosol is the fluid portion
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part of the cytoplasm that does not contain organelles is the cytosol
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Myofibril
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is a bundle of contractile and elastic proteins reasonable for muscle contraction Proteins such as Actin and Myosin |
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Myofibril is made up of what?
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Myofilaments Two most popular Myosin (thick) Actin (thin) |
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What are the two main contractile proteins of a muscle cell? What are the others? |
Actin (thin) Myosin (thick) Titin, Nebulin,Desmin, Tropomyosin, Troponin |
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Define a sarcomere
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Z line to Z line
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M line is...
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Right in the middle of the sarcomere
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Titin characteristics:
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A huge elastic molecule that stretches from one Z line to the next M line |
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The two functions of Titin are..
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It stabilizes the position of the contractile filaments (more so myosin) Its elasticity returns stretched muscles to their resting length (like a spring) |
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What is the largest protein know to man?
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Tinin
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Nebulin characteristics:
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Inelastic (doesn't starch) large protein that lies next to actin and attaches to the Z line
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Nebulin Function:
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It helps align the actin filaments of the sarcomere and assures their correct length
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Desmin characteristics:
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Extends from z line to z line of adjacent myofibrils and from the most peripheral myofibrils to the sarcolemma |
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Desmin Functions:
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Anchor Z lines so that they do not get out of line with each other
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The Sarcomere striated appearance is due to...
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alternating light and dark bands along the length of the muscle fiber
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Two characteristics of I bands
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Every I band is bisected(in half) by a Z line Every I band is part of 2 sarcomeres |
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A band characteristics
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It is the width of the myosin |
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H Zone (H band)
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Distance between the actin filaments The width of the H zone shortens and lengthens when muscles contract |
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Myosin - The Thick Filament characteristics
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It is formed from several hundred myosin molecules |
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Two basic characteristics of a myosin molecule:
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Myosin head and neck that form the cross bridge
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Myosin head and necks move in space
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Myosin Tails do not move in space
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Heads = S1(subfragment 1) Necks = S2 (subfragment 2) |
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One myosin Head, Neck, and Tail make up...
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One myosin Heavy Chain
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One myosin molecule consists of ...
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2 Myosin heavy chains
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Myosin Light Chains consists of... |
1Essential light chain (ELC) 1Regulatory light chain (RLC) |
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Each myosin head has a binding site for actin which we call
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The active site
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Each myosin head has an ATP binding site
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When an ATP molecule binds to the head what happens?
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ATP is broken down into ADP + Pi and energy would be released |
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Each myosin head has ADP and Pi binding sites
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What do we call an enzymes that breaks down ATP? with
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ATPase
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When calcium is from the sarcoplasmic reticulum there is an increase of calcium out in the cytosol
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Causes some of the Ca2+ to bind to calmodulin which activates myosin light chain kina
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Actin The Thin Filament characteristics:
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G-Actin = Globular has myosin head binding site
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When Multiple G-Actins are together they form
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F-Actin
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Troponin Function
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Binds with Ca+2 and it exposes binding sites |
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Tropomyosin at rest
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blocks the binding sites
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Troponin is responsible for getting tropomyosin out of the way.
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Troponin C is active it is
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Bound to Ca2+
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