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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Constructivism
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• Units: Social grps, their socially constructed images of int’l conditions
• Concern: Social collectivities’ shared meanings and images of contemporary int’l life: the theoretical implication of these visions • Approach: Advocacy of normative innovation through construction of new images, tracing assumptions within various theoretical traditions, discovering how and why theories color mental maps of world affairs • Outlook: Neither optimistic nor pessimistic, depending on the most popular or socially accepted visions about the potential for humanity to engineer changes that either improve or harm future global conditions • Motives: Contingent upon the socially constructed explanations about the basic drives of int’l actors in various epochs • Concepts: Ideas, identities, ideals, images – all as socially constructed by various grps • Policy: Broaden understanding of the ways int’l actors construct their images of int’l relations to clarify the limitations of rival theoretical interpretations and the policies on which they are based |
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Geopolitics
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Relationship between geography + politics and its consequences for states’ nat’l interests/power
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Current History Approach
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Focus on the description of contemporary/historical events rather than theoretical explanations to explain broader patterns of int’l relations
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Liberalism
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• Units: Institutions transcending states
• Concern: institutionalizing peace • Approach: Int’l law, int’l org, democratization, arms control, diplomacy • Outlook: Optimistic/progress • Motives: collaboration, mutual aid, meeting human needs • Concepts: Collective security, world order, law, integration, int’l org • Policy: institutional reforms |
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Idealism
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• Post-WWI mvt
• Inspired by liberal theoretical tradition • Maintained that pursuit of ideals (world peace) could change the world by reducing disorder |
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Public Goods
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Shared values from which every actor in an exchange benefits (safe drinking water, security) even if each party doesn’t contribute equally to its creation or preservations
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Collective Security
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• Security regime agreed to by great powers, sets rules for keeping peace
• “All for one and one for all” |
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Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Multilateral treaty negotiated in 1928 that outlawed war as a method for settling interstate conflicts
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Self-determination
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The global community is obligated to give nationalities their own gov’ts
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State
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A legal entity w/ a permanent population, a well-defined territory, and a gov’t capable of managing sovereign authority over the nations or nationality grps living within its legal borders
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Nation
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A collection of ppl who, on the basis of ethnic, linguistic, or cultural affinity perceive themselves to be members of the same grp
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Realism
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• Units: Independent states
• Concern: War and security • Approach: balance of power • Global outlook: pessimistic/stability • Motives: nat’l interests, zero-sum competition, security, power • Concepts: Anarchy, power, nat’l interests, balance of power, polarity • Policy: Increase nat’l power, resist reduction of nat’l autonomy |
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Realpolitik
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Theoretical outlook prescribing that countries should prepare for war in order to preserve peace
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Power
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The factors that enable one actor to manipulate another actor’s behavior against its preferences
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State Sovereignty
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Under int’l law, the principle that the gov’ts of states are subject to no higher external authority
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Nat’l Interest
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The goals that states pursue to maximize what is selfishly best for their country
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Balance of Power
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Theory that peace and stability are most likely to be maintained when military power is distributed to prevent a single hegemon or bloc from controlling the world
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Neorealism
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• Units: Global system’s structure
• Concern: Struggle for position/power under anarchy • Approach: Balance of terror, military preparedness, deterrence, preemptive warfare • Outlook: Pessimistic • Motives: Power, prestige, advantage (relative gains) over other states • Concepts: structural anarchy, rational choice, arms races, changes in distribution of military capabilities • Policy: Preserve nuclear deterrence, avoid disarmament, supernational org, protect state sovereignty, unilateralism |
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Structural realism
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Neorealist theory that emphasizes the influence of the world power structure on the behavior of the states within the global hierarchy, defined primarily by the distribution of military power
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Neotraditional realism
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A body of recent realist theorizing that departs from Neorealism by emphasizing the motives behind states’ foreign policies more than global structure and that focuses on the internal influences of states’ external behavior instead of the global determinants of states’ foreign behavior
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Anarchy
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A system made up of competitive interacting actors in the absence of supervisory governing institutions to regulate the units’ competition
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Neoliberalism
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• Units: Individuals, “penetrated” states, nonstate transnat’l actors
• Concern: Fostering interstate cooperation on the globe’s shared economic, social, ecological problems • Approach: Transnat’l interdependence and regimes • Outlook: expectation of cooperation and creation of a global community • Motives: Global interests (absolute gains), justice, peace and prosperity, liberty, morality • Concepts: Transnat’l relations, law, free markets, interdependence, integration, liberal republican rule, human rights, gender • Policy: Develop regimes, promote democracy and multilateral int’l institutions to coordinate collective responses to global problems |
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Regimes
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The rules agreed upon by states to work together to manage shared problems, even though short-term relative losses may be encountered b/c long-term benefits to all are expected
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Feminist Theory
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A body of scholarship that emphasizes gender in world politics
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Complex Interdependence
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A theory stressing the cross-cutting ways in which the growing ties among transnat’l actors make them vulnerable to each other’s actions and sensitive to each other’s needs
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Int’l Regimes
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Concept constructed to explain the benefits to actors supporting particular rules to regulate a specific int’l problem, such as disposal of toxic wastes
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Constructivist Theory
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A liberal-realist theoretical approach advocated by Alexander Wendt that sees self-interested states as the key actors in world politics; their actions are determined not by anarchy but by the wars states socially “construct” accepted images of reality and then respond to the meanings they give to power politics, so that as their definitions change, cooperative practices can evolve
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