Kaneisha Chap 4,5,6&8

Front 1

What are the 6 Epithelial tissue types?

Back 1

-simple squamous

-stratified squamous

-simple cuboidal

-simple columnar

-pseudostratified columnar

-transitional

Front 2

Tissue type with cells that are packed tightly together, face a free space, and are avascular

Back 2

Epithelial

Front 3

Squamous

Back 3

Flat, scale-like cells

Front 4

Cuboidal

Back 4

Cube-shaped cells

Front 5

Columnar

Back 5

Tall, thin cells (may be ciliated)

Front 6

Simple

Back 6

One layer of cells

Front 7

Stratified

Back 7

More than one layer of cells

Front 8

Pseudostratified

Back 8

Appear to have layers. Only one layer of cells of differing heights

Front 9

Which epithelial tissue is found in the lungs and blood vessels and is thin for easy diffusion?

Back 9

Simple Squamous

Front 10

Which epithelial tissue is found in body openings and are layers of cells that provide protection?

Back 10

Stratified Squamous

Front 11

Which epithelial tissue is found in glands and kidney tubules and produce secretions

Back 11

Simple Cuboidal

Front 12

Which epithelial tissue has goblet cells that secrete mucus in the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems?

Back 12

Simple Columnar

Front 13

Which epithelial tissue has scattered (irregular) nuclei and are found in the respiratory system?

Back 13

Pseudostratified Columnar

Front 14

Which epithelial tissue is found in the urinary bladder and has flat cells that can stretch

Back 14

Transitional

Front 15

Glands that secrete hormones directly into the blood (ductless)

Back 15

ENDOcrine Glands (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid)

Front 16

Glands that secrete their substances through a duct to the outside world

Back 16

EXOcrine Glands (sweat, mammary, tear ducts)

Front 17

What are the 8 Connective tissue types?

Back 17

-areolar

-reticular

-dense regular

-dense irregular

-hyaline cartilage

-bone

-blood

-adipose

Front 18

Tissue type with few cells that are separated by a matrix and have a blood supply

Back 18

Connective Tissue

Front 19

Connective tissue found in mucous membranes, and around blood vessels, nerves and body organs

Back 19

Areolar

Front 20

Connective tissue found under the skin and around certain organs that is used for insulation, energy storage and protection

Back 20

Adipose

Front 21

Connective tissue found in the spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow used for defense and support

Back 21

Reticular

Front 22

Connective tissue found in tendons and ligaments that are white colored, wavy and strong

Back 22

Dense Regular

Front 23

Connective tissue that is found in deep skin layers and around bone and cartilage and some organs that provides strength in many directions

Back 23

Dense Irregular

Front 24

Connective tissue found in joints and at the ends of ribs that helps provide smooth movement.

Back 24

Hyaline Cartilage

Front 25

Connective tissue found in the skeletal system that provide support, protection, and blood production

Back 25

Bone

Front 26

Connective tissue with a liquid matrix that transports materials throughout the body

Back 26

Blood

Front 27

Most common cartilage type, found in joints.

Back 27

Hyaline

Front 28

Bendable cartilage type, found in the outer ear

Back 28

Elastic cartilage

Front 29

Strongest cartilage type, found in pubic symphysis and intervertebral diccs

Back 29

Fibrocartilage

Front 30

What are the three Muscle tissue types?

Back 30

-skeletal

-cardiac

-smooth

Front 31

Tissue type that is used for movement in the body

Back 31

Muscle

Front 32

Muscle tissue type that is made up of long, cylindrical, striated (striped) cells. Considered voluntary

Back 32

Skeletal

Front 33

Muscle tissue type that is striated and have intercalated discs to join cells together. Involuntary

Back 33

Cardiac (heart) Muscle

Front 34

Muscle tissue type that is NOT striated and moves materials through the blood vessels and digestive system

Back 34

Smooth

Front 35

Tissue type that sends and receives nerve impulses and has an axon and dendrites

Back 35

Nervous

Front 36

Membranes

Back 36

Composed of a layer of epithelial tissue and a layer of connective tissue. Secretes fluids to protect and cushion

Front 37

Mucous Membrane

Back 37

Secrete mucus and line passages to the outside world

Front 38

Serous Membrane

Back 38

Secrete serous fluid (watery) and line the cavities that organs are in (pericardium=heart, pleural=lungs, peritoneum=abdomen)

Front 39

Synovial Membrane

Back 39

Secrete synovial fluid (like egg-whites) and line synovial joints

Front 40

What are the three layers of skin?

Back 40

-Epidermis

-Dermis

-Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Layer

Front 41

What are the three parts of hair?

Back 41

-Shaft: protrudes above skin surface

-Root: penetrates deep into dermis

-Follicle: surrounds the root

Front 42

Keratinocyte

Back 42

Cell that produces keratin (a strong protein that resists abrasion and is waterproof)

Front 43

Melanocyte

Back 43

Cell that produces melanin (gives skin color and protection from sun)

Front 44

Langerhans Cell

Back 44

Part of immune system (macrophage white blood cell)

Front 45

Which fiber in skin provides strength?

Which provides elasticity?

Back 45

Collagen fiber= strength

Elastic fiber= elasticity

Front 46

Atrector Pili Muscle

Back 46

Muscle attached to hair follicle (makes hair stand up)

Front 47

Dermal Papilla

Back 47

Ridges at the top of the dermis that create fingerprints

Front 48

Glands that produce sweat to cool you off

Back 48

Sweat Glands

Front 49

Glands that produce oily sebum to protect hair and skin from dehydration

Back 49

Sebaceous Glands

Front 50

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

Back 50

-Support (posture)

-Protection (internal organs)

-Movement (attached to muscle)

-Storage (Calcium and Phosphorus)

-Blood Cell Production (in marrow)

Front 51

Sesamoid Bone

Back 51

Sesame seed shaped (patella)

Front 52

Long Bone

Back 52

Longer than they are wide

Front 53

Short Bone

Back 53

Cube-shaped (wrist and ankle)

Front 54

Flat Bone

Back 54

Thin but strong (skull, ribs, sternum)

Front 55

Irregular Bone

Back 55

Complex shapes (vertebrae and facial bones)

Front 56

Type of bone that is strong against compression, is heavy and thick, and covers all bones

Back 56

Compact Bone

Front 57

Type of bone that is strong against tension (pulling force). Light weight because of holes.

Back 57

Spongy Bone

Front 58

Trabeculae

Back 58

Spiny, poky, bone in spongy bone (not the holes)

Front 59

Osteon

Back 59

Smallest functional unit of bone (each tree trunk is an osteon)

Front 60

Which bone canals run vertically?

Back 60

Haversion Canals

Front 61

Which bone canals run horizontally?

Back 61

Volkmann's Canal

Front 62

Osteocyte

Back 62

Mature bone cell

Front 63

Lacuna

Back 63

"Lake" that osteocytes sit in

Front 64

Canaliculi

Back 64

Canals between lacuna that allow osteocytes to communicate.

Front 65

Matrix

Back 65

White substance secreted by osteoblasts. Arranged in a ring

Front 66

Lamella

Back 66

Each white ring in the osteon

Front 67

Diaphysis

Back 67

Shaft of long bone

Front 68

Epiphyses

Back 68

The ends of long bones

Front 69

Articular Cartilage

Back 69

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphyses

Front 70

Periosteum

Back 70

White fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone

Front 71

Medullary Cavity

Back 71

Space in the diaphysis that contains marrow (yellow in adults, red in children)

Front 72

Epiphyseal Plate

Back 72

Thin layer of hyaline cartilage found in children so their bones can grow in length. (Plate calcifies and becomes "line" in adults)

Front 73

OsteoBlasts

Back 73

Bone forming cells. Secrete white matrix. Found in periosteum.

Front 74

OsteoClasts

Back 74

Bone destroying cells. Dissolve the matrix. Found in endosteum

Front 75

Osteocytes

Back 75

Mature bone cells found in lacunae in the solidified matrix.

Front 76

Joint

Back 76

Where two bones come together

Front 77

Synarthroses

Back 77

Immovable joints that are tightly bound together.

Ex. Sutures in the skull.

Front 78

Ampiarthroses

Back 78

Slightly movable joints. Bound tightly but still allow some movement

Front 79

Syndesmosis

Back 79

Bones connected by a ligament.

Ex. Distal end of tibia and fibula at the ankle

Front 80

Symphysis

Back 80

Bones joined by fibrocartilage.

Ex. Pubic symphysis and vertebral discs

Front 81

Diarthroses

Back 81

Freely movable joints

Front 82

Synovial joints

Back 82

Most common joints.

Front 83

Synovial Cavity

Back 83

The space between two articulating bones

Front 84

Synovial Membrane

Back 84

Lines joint and secretes synovial fluid

Front 85

Meniscus

Back 85

Pad of fibrocartilage that helps bones fit together better.

Front 86

Bursae

Back 86

Fluid filled sacs between two structures to reduce friction.

Ex. Between skin and bone, tendon and bone, muscle and bone, and ligament and bone

Front 87

Ligament

Back 87

Connects bone to bone.

Front 88

Flexion and Extension

Back 88

Flexion: bending movements

Extension: Straightening movements (anatomical position)

Front 89

Abduction and Adduction

Back 89

ABduction: away from the midline

ADduction: toward the midline

Front 90

Rotation

Back 90

Pivoting on an axis

Front 91

Circumduction

Back 91

Circular motion making a cone

Front 92

Inversion and Eversion

Back 92

Inversion: sole of foot inward

Eversion: sole of foot outward

Front 93

Supination and Pronation

Back 93

Supination: palm upward

Pronation: palm down

Front 94

Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion

Back 94

Dorsiflexion: toes upwards toward ceiling

Plantar Flexion: tippy toes

Front 95

Elevation and Depression

Back 95

Elevation: moves upward (closing mouth)

Depression: moves down (opening mouth)

Front 96

Hinge Joint

Back 96

Flexion and extension.

Ex. Elbow and knee

Front 97

Pivot Joint

Back 97

Permit rotation

Ex. Atloaxial joint (turns head) and radioulnar joint

Front 98

Gliding Joint

Back 98

Ankle and wrist joints

Front 99

Ellipsoidal (Condyle) Joint

Back 99

Oval shaped condyle fits into elliptical socket.

Ex. Joins fingers to palms and toes to palms

Front 100

Saddle Joint

Back 100

Fit like a rider on a saddle. Allows opposition of the thumb

Front 101

Ball and Socket

Back 101

Widest range of motion. Head of one bone fits into socket of another bone.

Ex. Hip and Shoulder