Juvenile Justice

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Labeling

Back 1

Defining and responding to a youth as a delinquent. It can lead to stigmatization lost opportunities, and additional delinquent behavior.

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Delinquency

Back 2

Behaviors that fall within the jurisdiction of the juvenile court and result in processing by official juvenile justice agents.

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Status Offenses

Back 3

Acts that are considered illegal when committed by a child ,but not when committed by an adult. (running away,truancy, failure to obey parents directions)

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Jurisdiction

Back 4

A geographic area subject to a particular law or court.

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CHINS

Back 5

Children in need of supervision

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dolix incapax

Back 6

Not capable of criminal intention or malice; unable to formulate criminal intent. (lack of maturity, to know right from wrong)

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Waver,remand,Transfer,or certification

Back 7

A legal process where by a juvenile is sent to adult court for trial

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Juvenile

Back 8

A youth who falls within an age range specified by state law. The age range varies from state to state.

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Official Data

Back 9

Information on juvenile delinquency collected by formal juvenile justice agencies, such as police agencies,juvenile courts and juvenile detention and correctional facilities

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Uniform Crime Report
(UCR)

Back 10

The most comprehensive compliation of known crimes and arrests. The reported is published each year by the FBI under the title Crime in the United States

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Unofficial Data

Back 11

Information collected by researchers not connected with formal juvenile justice agenies.

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Self-Report Study

Back 12

A study in which subjects are asked to report their involvement in illegal behavior.

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Cohort Study

Back 13

A study in which some specific group is studied over a period of time. (e.g.,those born during a certain year in a particular geographic location)

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Socioeconomic Status
(SES)

Back 14

A person's position in a stratified society based on critera such as place of residence, family income, educational background,and employment history.

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Recidivist

Back 15

A person who continues to commit crimes despite efforts to rehabilitate or deter him or her

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Observational Study

Back 16

A study in which the researchers observes and collects data on subjects in a field setting

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Political Economy

Back 17

The basic political and economic organization of society, including the setting of political priorities and the management and distribution of economic resources.

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Special interest group

Back 18

An organization consisting of persons,corporations,unions,and so on,that have common political and often economic purposes and goals.

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Child Abuse

Back 19

Non-accidental acts directed against children that result in physical,sexual,psychological,or emotional harm.

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Neglect

Back 20

The non-accidental failure of a caregiver to meet the physical psychological, or emotional needs of a minor or another person in the charge of the caregiver

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House of Refuge

Back 21

Privately operated child-care institution developed in the United States for children who engaged in illegal behavior or were felt to be at risk of such behavior.

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Placing Out

Back 22

The placement of children on farms and ranches in the midwest and west. It was popularized by private charitable organizations in the mid-1800's lasted until 1929.

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Probation

Back 23

The supervised released of an individual by a court. The child is usually retured to their parents by the court on conditions of release called "rules of probation" and court or state employees are the supervisors or monitors of the people on probation.

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Reform School

Back 24

An institution for control and reform of youths, it was funded by local or state government.

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Child Savers

Back 25

A group of reformers, mostly well-educated middle class protestant women of Anglo-Saxon descent who had the time and resources to fight for improved conditions for delinquent youths in jails and reformatories and who eventually played an important role in the creation of the positive side their work lead to wider acceptance of adolesence as an important developmental stage of life

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Due Process

Back 26

A course established for legal proceedings intended to ensure the protechtion of the private rights of the litigants

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Chancery Court

Back 27

English Court that was primarily concerned with property rights

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Exclusionary Rule

Back 28

A procedural rule that prohibits evidence that is obtained by illegal means or in bad faith from being used in a criminal trail

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Miranda Warning

Back 29

Specific warnings given to a suspect prior to questioning that informs them that statements they make to law enforcement agents can be used against them in court.

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Pretrial Discovery

Back 30

Efforts of a party to a lawsuit to obtain information prior to trial

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Bills of Particulars

Back 31

In a lawsuit, a written itemization of clams or charges provided by the plaintiff at the defendants request. The documents can serve as the factual basis of the allegations against the defendant

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Informal Juvenile Justice Process

Back 32

Actions to combat juvenile delinquency taken by parents neighbors, business owers teachers and others who are not part of the formal juvenile justice apparatus

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Arrest

Back 33

Legally authorized deprivation of a person's liberty.
as a general rule a person is under arrest when he or she in not free to walk away

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Institutional Racism and Bias

Back 34

The ways that basic social institutions operate to keep minorities or poor people in subordinate positions

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Probable Cause

Back 35

Grounds sufficient to convince a reasonably competent person that a crime was committed and that the suspect commeitted it

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Diversion

Back 36

The processing of juvenile offenders in ways that avoid the formal juvenile justice process

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Decriminalization

Back 37

The act of redefining status offenses as social problems to be dealt with by welfare agencies as opposed to criminal actions to be handled by juvenile courts

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Deterrent

Back 38

Refers to actions taken to influence a persons behaviors by imposing or threatening to impose a legal sanction such as probation, incarceration, a fine,etc..