Jhunmark

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The variability among living organisms from all sources and the ecological systems of which they are part

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Biodiversity

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Include the variety of species within different ecosystems found in the biosphere. It includes biomes, bioregions, landscapes, ecosystems, habitats, niche, and populations.

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Ecosystem diversity

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Includes all species of plants, animals and microorganisms (Kingdom, phyla, families, genera, species, population, individuals)

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Species or organismal diversity

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The sum total of the genes in each organism that inhabits the earth. The gene is a storage facility, a repository of genetic information.

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Genetic diversity

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Change in an organism resulting from natural selection; any physical or physiological manifestation which is the result of selection.

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Adaptation

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A natural environment with a high biodiversity that contains many endangered species found nowhere else on Earth.

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Biological hotspot

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means the research, collection and utilization of biological and genetic resources for purposes of applying the knowledge derived therefrom solely for commercial purposes.

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Bioprospecting

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the process of producing individuals under controlled conditions or with human interventions.

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Captive-breeding/culture or propagation

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Preservation and sustainable utilization of wildlife, and/or maintenance, restoration, and enhancement of the habitat.

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Conservation

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Area outside protected areas that are known habitats of threatened species and designated as such based on scientific data taking into consideration species endemicity and richness, presence of manmade pressures and threats.

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Critical habitat

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refers to a species or subspecies that is facing extremely high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future.

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Critically endangered species

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term used to describe numbers of taxa, or variation in morphology

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Diversity

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species which have actual or potential value in trade or utilization for commercial purpose

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Economically important species

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the functional system that includes the different organisms of a natural community together with their physical environment.

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Ecosystem

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refers to species or subspecies that are not critically endangered but whose survival is facing high risk of extinction in the wild in the immediate future.

Endemic species

species or subspecies, which is naturally occurring and found only within specific areas in the country.

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Endangered species

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the conservation of components of biological diversity. outside their natural habitats

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Ex-situ conservation

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species or subspecies, which do not naturally occur in the country

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Exotic species

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when not a single member of a clade or taxon is existing, the group is said to be extinct.

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Extinction

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a broad term that refers to all life forms found within forested areas and the ecological roles they perform.

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Forest biodiversity

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has something to do with the richness of functional features and interrelations in an area identifying.

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Functional diversity

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a permit issued to any individual or entity by the concerned government institution (i.e. DENR) for an engagement in non-commercial scientific or educational undertaking to collect wildlife.

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Gratuitous permit

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a place or environment where a species or subspecies naturally occur or has naturally established its population

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Habitat

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an organism, species, or community that shows the presence of specific environmental conditions

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Indicator species

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species or subspecies of wildlife naturally occurring or has naturally established population in the country

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Indigenous species

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the conservation of components of biological diversity inside their natural habitats.

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In-situ conservation

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species that strongly influence the ecological composition, structure or functioning of its community far more than its abundance.

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Keystone species

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a heterogeneous land area distinguished by differences in land forms, vegetation, land use, cultural features, and aesthetic characteristics within a geographical region.

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Landscape

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refers to any one of a group of nations that harbor the majority of Earth's species and high numbers of endemic species.

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Megadiverse country

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forest stand found principally on high elevations and very rough mountainous regions characterized by steep ridges.

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Mossy forest

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the classification and administration of all designated protected areas to maintain essential ecological processes and life-support systems, preserve genetic diversity, ensure sustainable use of resources found therein, and maintain their natural conditions to the greater extent possible.

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National Integrated Protected Areas Systems (NIPAS)

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a forest reservation essentially of natural wilderness character which has been withdrawn from settlement, occupancy or any form of exploitation except in conformity with approved management plan and set aside as such exclusive to conserve the area, preserve the scenery, the natural and historic objects, wild animals and plants therein, and provide enjoyment of these physical feature in such areas.

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National park

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field of biology that deals with the relationships between organisms. It includes the discovery of these relationships, and the study of the causes behind this pattern.

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Phylogenetics

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the evolutionary relationships among organisms; the patterns of lineage branching produced by the true evolutionary history of the organisms being considered.

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Phylogeny

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a clearly defined geographical space, recognized, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values (IUCN 2008)

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Protected area

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process which favors one feature of organisms in a population over another feature found in the population to better exists. This occurs through differential.

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Selection

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those with the favored feature produce more offspring than those with the other feature, such that they become a greater percentage of the population in the next generation.

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Reproduction

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a period of little or no discernible change in a lineage.

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Stasis

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field of biology that deals with the diversity of life.

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Systematics

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any named group of organisms, not necessarily a clade e.g. Diplodiscus, Moraceae, Plantae, Fagales.

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Taxon

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the science of naming and classifying organisms

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Taxonomy

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- a general term to denote species or subspecies considered as critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable or other accepted categories of wildlife whose population is at risk of extinction.

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Threatened species

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a strip of land maintained along a stream, lake, road, recreation site or different vegetative zone to mitigate the impacts of actions of adjacent lands, to enhance aesthetic values, or as to demonstrate best management practice.

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Riparian zone

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an area possessing some outstanding ecosystem, features, and species of flora and fauna of national scientific importance maintained to protect nature and process in an undisturbed state in order to have ecologically representative examples of the natural environment available for scientific study, environmental monitoring, education, and for the maintenance of genetic resources in a dynamic and evolutionary manner.

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Strict nature reserve

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any type of forest occurring within the tropics of Cancer and Capricorn characterized by high regular rainfall and no more than two months of low rainfall, and consisting of a completely closed canopy of trees that prevents penetration of sunlight to the ground and discourages ground-cover growth.

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Tropical rainforest

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refers to species or subspecies that is not critically endangered nor endangered but is under threat from adverse factors throughout their range and is likely to move to the endangered category in the near future.

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Vulnerable species

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wild forms and varieties of flora and fauna, in all developmental stages, including those, which are in captivity or are being bred or propagated.

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Wildlife

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The Philippines has a total land area of _________ hectares, ________of which is characterized as forest land.

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30,000,0000 hectares, 50%

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conceived in 1980 by a conservation biologist

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Biological diversity, Thomas Lovejoy and Edward Wilson

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_______coined by ________ in 1986, then first appeared in publication in 1988.

Contraction of ”biological “+ diversity” and refers to the variety of life at all levels of biological organization.

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Bio-diversity, Walter G. Rosen

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Is Variety of Life in all its forms.

Variation of life at all levels of biological organization

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Biodiversity

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The variety all life forms in the forest

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Forest Biodiversity

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Any group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations that area reproductively isolated from other such groups (Mayr, 1971).

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SPECIES

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The basic unit of life classification for organism; include closely related, morphologically similar, interbreeding, individual organism.

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Species

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can be assed at different levels of the classification hierarchy, viz. species, genera families. refers to the variety of different species of the diversity between species.

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Species diversity

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species consists of a single population that is not divided into subspecies of infraspecific taxa.

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Monotypic

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Less than 1 population, each pop. has unique morphological, ecological, and range geography peculiarities (e.g Almaciga, Guijo, White lauan & most species).

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Polytypic

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a population in a species having individuals with heterogeneous phenotypic appearances.

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Polymorphic

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real biological entity basic unit of biological classification

Capable of interbreeding and produce fertile offspring.

Subsets: subspecies, populations, varieties, formas, and ecotypes

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Species

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taxonomic category or group, such as a phylum, order, family, genus, or species. Primary nominal in usage Not invoke completeness nor spatial distribution characteristic

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Taxon

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groups from an ancestral population evolved into separate species due to geographical separation

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Allopatric speciation

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groups from the same ancestral population evolved into separate species without any geographical separation.

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Sympatric speciation

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Heritable variation within and between populations of organism gene, as fact as heredity is passed on from parents to offspring and determine the physical characteristics that will be expresses every generation.

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Genetic diversity

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An estimated_____million species describe today.

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Diversity of life, 1.7

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Estimated for the total number of species existing on earth at present vary from____million to nearly____million.

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Diversity of life, 5m and 100m

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Conservative working estimate suggest there might be around_____million

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Diversity of life, 12.5

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Occurs within individuals due to variation in alleles found at particular loci or genes, and variation between chromosomes.

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Genetic variation

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Philippines forest cover in 1900

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70%

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Philippine forest cover in 1920s

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60%

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Phil. Forest cover in 1960s

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40%

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Philippine forest cover in 1970s

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34%

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Phil. Forest cover in 1987

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23%

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Phil. Forest cover in 1999

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18%

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Elimination of species from the tropic level can cause the destruction of the ecosystem as well as biodiversity.

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Tropic level

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In complicated ecosystem having several tropic level, the loss of one or more species do not cause any serious problem because of the alternative available

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Complex ecosystem

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Loss of addition of species causes detectable changes in ecosystem rates, species make unique contribution to ecosystem functioning

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Keystone species

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Differences among species in their requirements for different resources will cause complementary interaction so that species can obtain more resources.

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Niche complementary

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-Areas or regions on the earth among the richest in terms of biodiversity but at the same time the most endangered bio-region in the planet

-atleast 1500 vascular plants are endmic

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Biodiversity hotspot

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British ecologist coined in 1988

He identified 10 tropical forest "hotspot" as area with exceptional levels of habitat loss

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Norman Myers