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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-the father of Judaism
-came from Ur in Mesopotamia - God asked him to sacrifice Issac on Mt. Moriah (temple Mt) - created covenant with God |
Abraham- Ibrahim
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Islam, Judaism, and Christianity are known as the......... religions
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Abrahamic religions
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the sacred writings of Judaism, called by Christians the Old Testament, and comprising the Law (Torah), the Prophets, and the Hagiographa or Writings.
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Hebrew Bible
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the first part of the Christian Bible, comprising thirty-nine books and corresponding approximately to the Hebrew Bible. Most of the books were written in Hebrew, some in Aramaic, between about 1200 and 100 BC. They comprise the chief texts of the law, history, prophecy, and wisdom literature of the ancient people of Israel.
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Old Testament
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the first five books of the Old Testament (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy). Traditionally ascribed to Moses, it is now held by scholars to be a compilation from texts of the 9th to 5th centuries BC.
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Pentateuch / Torah
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(in Jewish use) one of the three canonical divisions of the Hebrew Bible, distinguished from the Law and the Hagiographa, and comprising the books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Isaiah, and the twelve minor prophets.
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Prophets- late prophets
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books that are not found in the Hebrew canon, but are still considered important and sacred... example: book of Solomon, book of the Macabees
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poetic and wisdom books, writings
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(1844–1918) German OT scholar at Marburg. He was responsible for refining the theory that the Pentateuch was an edited composition of four sources each deriving from a different historical period. They were given the symbols J, E, D, P.
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J. Wellhausen
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developed by J. Wellhausen and others; according to this the Pentateuch was compiled from written documents dating from the 9th to the 5th cents. BC. and is derived by 4 sources : J,E,D,P
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documentary hypothesis
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The oldest source of the Pentateuch that is dated back to 10th century bce. J source; God has more human-like characteristics
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Yawhist tradition
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the E source, written in about the 8th century bce where God is portrayed from above
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Elohim source
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this source (P) is dated to the Babylonian Exile (end of 7th century bce) or just after with a strong interest in the ritual of the sanctuary and the emphasis on offerings being made by priests of the tribe of Levi
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Priestly
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this source (D) is associated with King Josiah's discovery of the law book in the Temple (622 BCE); and discusses God´s intervention in history
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Deuteronomy
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Jewish priest and scribe who is believed to have compiled the 4 sources together in 5th century bce
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Ezra
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The importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls for the study of the development of the biblical text is underlined by the fact that the oldest known Hebrew biblical manuscript before the scrolls' discovery, this document was approximately one thousand years more recent—dated to around A.D. 1000.
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the Aleppo Codex,
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these documetns were found in Qumram and are the oldest surviving copies of the old testament. most important collection of ancient Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts ever discovered,
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Dead Sea Scrolls
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Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and their forefathers, or the sons of Jacob are known as the...
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patriarchs
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the second book of the Bible, which recounts the departure of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, their journey across the Red Sea and through the wilderness led by Moses, and the giving of the Ten Commandments. The events have been variously dated by scholars between about 1580 and 1200 BC.
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Exodus
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a king of ancient Israel that worshiped Yahweh, was a conqueror of lands, built a palace in Jerusalem. Appointed by king Sol
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King David
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this king came after King David and builds the first temple of Jerusalem which becomes the center of Israelites religion. the temple was the house of God. He was known for wisdom and wealth
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King Solomon
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when Israel became divided into 2 kingdoms, this kindgom was ruled by Roboam in Judah
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Southern kingdom
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when Israel became divided into 2 kingdons, this kingdom was ruled by Jeroboami in Israel
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Northern Kingdom
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a super power in the 8th/ 9th centurys that destroyed the northern kingdom in 721 and had heavy military power and taxes
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Assyrians
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these people exiled part of the population to Babylon in 597 and destroy the city and temple in 586 bce
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Babylonians
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date of the destruction of the first temple
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586 BCE
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The banishment of the Jewish people from their homeland and the state of mind produced by this after the destruction of the temple
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exile
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a member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins to the ancient Hebrew people of Israel.
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Jew
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date of the destruction of the 2nd temple
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70 AD
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The Dispersion of the Jews that began with the Assyrian and Babylonian deportations (c.721 and c.597 BC).
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Jewish Diaspora
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Jews living in Spain, Portugal, N. Africa
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Sephardic Jew
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Jews living in France, Germany, and E. europe that spoke Yiddish. this group later split to Reform, Consevative, Orthodox Jews
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Ashkenazic
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this group of Ashkenazic Jews believes that the law was given straight to Moses from God. very observant. make up about 10% of USA´s jewish population
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Orthodox Jews
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branch of Ashkenazic Jews that started around 1880 and believe that the truths in Torah come from God but are written by humans. they try to follow law but adapt to modern times. make up about 26% of USA´s jewish population
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Conservative Jews
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branch of Ashkenazic Jews created in the 19th and 20th century that believe the Torah was not written by God. they accept historical and critical analysis and give much importance to ethics. also, allow female Rabbis. make up about 35% of USA¨s jewish population
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reform Jews
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branch of Ashkenazic Jews that believes Judaism is more than a religion in the narrow sense but is a religious civilization, with its own art, music, literature, culture, and folk-ways. Also believe that Jewish observance of law is important for cultural purposes. make up 2% of USA´s Jewish population
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Reconstructionist Jews
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A particular law or the whole Jewish legal system.It is traditionally believed to go back in its entirety to Moses. It is composed of the written law (the six hundred and thirteen commandments of the Pentateuch), the statements handed down by tradition (such as the words of the prophets and the hagiographa ( Writings), the oral law (which includes interpretations of the written law), the sayings of the scribes, and established religious custom
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Halakhah
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an authoritative collection of exegetical material embodying the oral tradition of Jewish law and forming the first part of the Talmud.
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Mishnah
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the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial law and legend comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara. The oral law and its commentary
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Talmud
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food which satisfying the requirements of Jewish law
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kosher food
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Jewish holiday celebrated every Saturday that is the day of rest. Jews should sanctify and observe the day
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Shabbat
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Jewish New Year
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Rosh Hashanah
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most important day of the year for Jews. Day of atonement and forgiveness. Jews fast on this day.
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Yom Kippur
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the Jewish autumn harvest and thanksgiving festival commemorating the sheltering of the Israelites in the wilderness. festival of boothes. 5 days after Yom Kippur. 7 days long. Jews create Sukkahs
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Sukkot
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festival of lights . lasting eight days from the 25th day of Kislev (in December) and commemorating the rededication of the Temple in 165 BC by the Maccabees after its desecration by the Syrians
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Channukah
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a lesser Jewish festival held in spring (on the 14th or 15th day of Adar) to commemorate the defeat of Haman's plot to massacre the Jews as recorded in the book of Esther.
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Purim
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celebration of the giving of the Torah to Moses at Mt. Sinai. celebrated in June
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Shavuot
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the ceremony in which a Jewish baby boy is circumcised. entrance into the Jewish community at 8 days old.
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Bris, circumcision
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The ceremony and status of boys (aged 13) attaining religious adulthood in Judaism.
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Bar Mitzvah
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The Jewish declaration of faith: ‘Hear [shema] O Israel, the Lord our God, the Lord is One’ (Deuteronomy 6: 4).
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Shema
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a parchment inscribed with religious texts and attached in a case to the doorpost of a Jewish house as a sign of faith. contains the Shema
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Mezuzzah
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The cube-shaped black leather boxes, containing four scriptural passages, attached to the head and arm and worn during the morning prayers
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Tefillin
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The robe with which the worshipper is wrapped during prayer and hence often referred to as a ‘prayer shawl’, though this is not the traditional Jewish name for the garment, which was not originally associated particularly with prayer.
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Tallit
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a sacred candelabrum with seven branches used in the ancient temple in Jerusalem
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menorah
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the ancient Jewish tradition of mystical interpretation of the Bible, first transmitted orally and using esoteric methods (including ciphers). It reached the height of its influence in the later Middle Ages and remains significant in Hasidism
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Kabbalah
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a communal settlement in Israel, typically a farm.
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Kibbutz
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another term for Holocaust
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Shoah
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group of orthodox Jews with a mystical approach
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Hasidic
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this was the time of king sol, david, and solomon when the northern kingdom and southern kingdom were combined
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United Monarchy
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these are the prophets that are historically in the old testament
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early prophets
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these are the prophets from the historical christian book
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late prophets
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the central figure of the Christian religion who conducted a mission of preaching and healing in Palestine in about AD 28–30, which is described in the Gospels, as are his arrest, death by crucifixion, and Resurrection from the dead. His followers considered him to be the Christ or Messiah and the Son of God, and belief in his Resurrection became a central tenet of Christianity
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Jesus
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someone who believes in Jesus Christ
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Christian
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The twenty-seven books comprising the second part of the Christian Bible, not arranged in the chronological order of writing but roughly according to subject matter: first, the narratives about Jesus, followed by the response to him in the life of the primitive Church (the Acts of the Apostles); then the letters of Paul, of which seven are generally thought to be from his own hand; letters by other early Christians; and finally the Revelation to John
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New Testament
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four canonical texts written by mark, Matthew, Luke, and John that tell the story of Jesus
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gospels
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second gospel written between 70-85 AD that talks of Jesus as the fulfillment of Hebrew Scriptures ; written for jewish audience
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Matthews Gospel
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Oldest gospel written in 60's AD that may have been written in Syria
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Marks gospel
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third gospel written around 85 AD that was geared toward a gentile audience
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Lukes Gospel
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the 4th gospel written between 90-110AD that portrays a very theological vision of Jesus
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John's gospel
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received this 3 years before his death from John the Baptist and it began his public life
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baptism of Jesus
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"love God and love thy neighbor"
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the most important commandment
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heaven.... the place of fulfillment in the future. takes the blind, sick, poor, deaf first
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Kingdom of God
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Matthew tells how Jesus spoke about beautitudes and "blessed are poor in spirit" in this place
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sermon on the mountain
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the blessings listed by Jesus in the Sermon on the Mount
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beatitudes
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Jesus walked on water, multiplied bread and fish, stopped storms, healed the sick, cured the blind
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miracles performed by Jesus
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the supper eaten by Jesus and his disciples on the night before the Crucifixion, as recorded in the New Testament and commemorated by Christians in the Eucharist (blood and body of Christ is wine and bread)
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Last supper
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he was at first a Pharosee and persecuter of Christians, and then had a conversion experience and spread Christianity throughout the Mediterranean
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St. Paul
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One divine being with 3 persons
-God the Father -God the Son -God the Holy Spirit |
Trinity
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passed in 313 AD by Constantine it was the first region that tolerated the Christian religions
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edict of Milan
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this is the summary of Christian beliefes written in 325 AD that explains the trinity
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Nicene Creed
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in 380 AD this emperor declared Christianity the Roman central religions
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Theodosius
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group of teachers/ fathers during the 1st 5 centuries AD that helped establish the early church
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church fathers
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