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94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The origin of wine
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Transcaucasia (5000 - 6000 BC) which is present-day Georgia and Armenia
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Land of the Vine
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Onetra (Italy)
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Grapes will flourish in these parallels
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Between the 30 and 50
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What is veraison?
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the onset of ripening -- softening, color change, the step before harvest
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When does veraison happen in the northern hemisphere?
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late july, throughout august
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Veraison in the southern hemisphere
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late january, throughout february
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What is the correct temperature for wine storage?
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13 degrees Celsius, 55 degrees Fahrenheit
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What is the correct humidity for wine storage?
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75 - 80%
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If forced, would you rather bring up the humidity in your cellar or lower it from 75-80%
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bring it up
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What is the main purpose of Cabernet Franc in Bordeaux?
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It is a blending grape that ripens and buds early, so essentially it is a safety net. Otherwise it gives tannin to Merlot and acidity to Cabernet Sauvignon. It also adds aromatics to both.
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The system that is used in the production of sherry
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solera
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The two ways in which port is aged
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In oak or in a bottle
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Name the (6) basic levels of sweetness from driest to sweetest on French wine labels
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1.extra brut
2. brut 3. extra dry 4. sec 5. demi sec 6. doux |
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What method of production is used in making cava?
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the traditional method (champenoise)
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What two items must be on every wine bottle by international law?
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1. volume
2. alcohol |
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What is the appropriate temperature for serving a big, tannic red wine?
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18 degrees Celsius, 65 degrees farenheight
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What soil is Riesling grown in in Germany?
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slate
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What flowering tree is said to be part of the Pinot Gris flavor profile?
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orange blossom
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How are the aromatic features of Muscat maintained during fermentation?
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stainless steel
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What climate does Muscat enjoy the most?
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Mediterranean
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When did Phylloxera hit the scene?
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Arrived in the Rhone is the 1860's
Had devastated everything by the 1890's |
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Year for France's wine laws
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1936
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Year for Spanish wine laws
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1971
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Year for Canadian wine laws
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1989
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Three basic climates for grape growing are
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1. Continental
2. Maritime 3. Mediterranean |
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What type soil is best for Gamay?
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granite
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Dormancy begins at what temperature?
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10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit)
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Name the life cycles of the vine in order
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1. dormancy
2. bud break 3. shoot grown 4. flowering 5. fruit set 6. veraison 7. harvest |
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What is grafting?
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the melding of root stock, usually with one that is resistant to Phylloxera
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Is Canadian ice wine made with botrytis?
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No
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A type of fungal spore that causes downy mildew on grapes
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Peronospera
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A type of fungal spore that causer powdery mildew on grapes
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Oidium
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How many parts per million of sulfites does a wine need to be organic?
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< 100 parts per million
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What is Coulure?
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Hazard that causes a failure of grapes to develop after flowering. Triggered by periods of cold, cloudy, rainy weather or very high out-of-season temperatures. Fruits drops because flowers not pollinated.
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Which grape varieties are most susceptible to Coulure?
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1. Grenache
2. Malbec 3. Merlot 4. Muscat Ottonel |
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What is Millerandage?
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abnormal fruit set
large and small berries in the same fruit set |
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What is Remontage?
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Pump over - circulating wine from bottom to top (over the cap) during fermentation
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What is Pigeage?
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"Punch Down," pushing down the cap during fermentation.
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What is the word meaning 'to bleed', giving Rose' its color
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saignee
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Most of the world believes that ___% of one grape varietal means you can label it as that grape varietal
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85%
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Except for ___ who believe in the ____% rule
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California
75% |
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Qualities that French Oak barrel can impart
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vanilla, toast, caramel
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Qualities that American oak may impart
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Coconut
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Chardonnay buds ____, ripens _____, has naturally _____ yields, and the potential to _____ a lot of sugar late in the season
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chardonnay buds early
ripens early has naturally high yields and the potential to build high levels of sugar late in the season |
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Chardonnay prefers these types of soils
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limestone, chalky marl, sandstone
(calcareous soils) |
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What grape is grown on the Right Bank of Bordeaux and what soil do they use?
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Merlot, clay
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What grape is grown on the Left Bank of Bordeaux? Grape and soil?
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Cabarnet sauvignon, gravel
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Which sub-regions are important ones for Chardonnay
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Pouilly-Fuisse, Mersault, Chablis
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The Côtes de Nuit is known for growing:
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Pinot Noir
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The Côtes de Beaunes is known for growing:
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Chardonnay
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Soil for growing Sauvignon Blanc in the Loire Valley is
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Tuffeau
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Sauvignon Blanc ripens ___ and buds ____
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ripens early and buds late
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Soil types for Sauvignon Blanc (5)
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1. Chalk
2. Gravel 3. Loam 4. Flint 5. Marl |
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A barrique is a
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Small barrel made from French oak
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Terra Rossa a.k.a. "Red Earth" is the soil from:
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Coonawara
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Cabernet Sauvignon buds ___ and ripens ____
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buds late, ripens late
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The best soil types for Cabernet Sauvignon are
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gravel, well-drained alluvium, terra rossa limestone
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Cabernet Sauvignon needs soil that has:
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good drainage
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Important sub-regions in France for Cabernet Sauvignon (3)
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1. Margaux
2. Haut-Medoc 3. Paulliac |
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Cabernet Sauvignon is the most-planted grape in which country?
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Bulgaria
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The best soil for Pinot Noir is
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limestone
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Pinot Noir is often made in Burgundy with this kind of wooden fermenter
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open topped
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Important sub-regions for Pinot Noir in Burgundy
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Clos Vougeout
Romanee Conti |
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Important sub-regions for Pinot Noir in California
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1. Santa Barbera
2. Carneros 3. Russian River Valley |
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Name the five main aromatic (white) varieties
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1. Chenic Blanc
2. Gewurtztraminer 3. Pinot gris 4. Riesling 5. Muscat |
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Soil required for growing Riesling grapes
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slate, sandy loam
(poor heat-retaining soils) |
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Name the two methods for making sweet wine
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1) arrested fermentation (either adding sulfur dioxide to arrest the development and leave residual sugar, or to shift the temperature to very cold while in the vats, so yeast dies)
2) back-blending with sweet reserve |
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Name the two important German regions for riesling
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1) Mosel-Saar-Ruwer (recently renamed to just The Mosel)
2) Rheingau |
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Which sub-region in Australia is known for Riesling
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Clare Valley
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Name two types of soil for Gewurtztraminer
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1) Deep, well-drained loam
2) clay |
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in South Africa, Chenin Blanc is known as:
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Steen
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Which are the notable regions for Chenin Blanc in the Loire Valley
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Vouvray, Coteaux de Layon, Savennieres
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Name the different methods for making sparkling wine
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1. Traditional (Methode Champenoise)
2. transfer 3. tank (Charmat) 4. carbonation (injection) |
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What is tirage?
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a mix of yeast and sugar
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Degorgement (disgorgement) removes
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Lees from neck of bottle
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What is dosage?
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to replace wine lost during disgorgement
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Which grapes are primarily used in the making of cava
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1. Macabeu
2. Parellada 3. Xarello |
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Who invented the tank method and when?
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Eugene Charmat in the 1890's
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The tank or charmat method, is also known as
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Cuvee clos
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There is no _____ in the charmat/tank method
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Autolysis
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The charmat or tank method is used in the production of which sparkling wine?
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Prosecco
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What are other names for the carbonation method?
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Injection method
Pompe bicyclette Coca-Cola method |
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In the port method, when is the spirit added? (Before, during or after or fermentation?)
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During
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in the sherry method, when is the spirit added? (Before, during or after or fermentation?)
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After
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What soil is used in to grown grapes for port?
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Schist
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What prominent varietal is used in making a blend of port?
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Touriga Nacional
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What is Tempranillo often called in Portugal, specifically in the production of port?
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Tinto Roriz
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What are the names of the troughs used to stomp grapes in some places in Portugal?
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Logares
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Soil for the production of sherry
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Albariza
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Two types of sherry that contain flor
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Fino
Manzanilla |
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Type of sherry that is fortified to kill off flor and purposely oxidized
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Olorosso
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Aged Fino sherry
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Amontillado
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What does "diurnal" mean?
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Hot during the day, cold at night
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Sangiovese has what two families?
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Piccolo
Grosso |