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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is comparative biology?
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Science of the unity and diversity of life.
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What do comparative biologists study for?
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patterns in living systems
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What can patterns in living systems give clues to?
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phylogeny and the history of life
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What is anagenesis?
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An entire species changes and evolves so that there is no ancestral species remaining. Evolutionary change within a lineage driven by adaptation.
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What is cladogenesis?
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Speciation, meaning the ancestral species remains, but another species evolves from the initial species.
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What are some ways in which we can determine the phylogeny of living taxa?
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morphology/Anatomy, development, life history, physiology, biochemistry, behavior, ecology, biogeographical distribution.
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What is systematics?
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Study of the biological diversity on earth and the relationship among them.
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What is the role of systematists?
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They engage in comparative biology. They describe patterns of difference and similarity. They study the distribution of organisms in space and in time
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What are systemiatists role in ecology and biogeography?
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Study the distribution of organisms in space
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What are systematists role in paleiontology?
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Study the distribution of organism in time.
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What is the result of classification?
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The implication of some process that has occurred.
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What are the six taxa in the heirarchial tree?
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Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.
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What is placement into a biological taxa based on?
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Similarity and relatedness
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What is homology?
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Having a common origin or shared descent
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What is analogy?
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Having a common form or function that results from adaptation and not a common ancestor in independent origins
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What do grades represent in a cladogram?
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They may represent analogs.
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What do clades represent?
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geneology, or cladogenesis.
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What is a monophyly?
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A taxon which forms a clade, meaning it contains all the possible descendants of the possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor. These are characterized by synapomorphies, or common characteristics.
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What is a paraphyly?
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A grouping that consists of all the descendants and possibly hypothetical closest common ancestor minus one (usually) or more monophyletic groups.
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What is a polyphyly?
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any group other than a monophyletic group or a paraphyletic group which contains only some of the descendants but is not characterized by missing one descendant forming a monophyletic group.
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What is cladistic analysis?
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A tool used by a phylogenic systematist to propose an evolutionary hypothesis.
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Who uses cladistic analyses?
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phylogenic systematist.
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What is cladisitic analysis based on?
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How primitive characteristics are shared among specific taxa, not shared primitive characteristics.
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