Introduction To Ethical/ Med Ethics

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the ethical principe which requires that each person be permitted self governance that is free from both controlling interference by others and limitations which prevent meaningful choice

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autonomy

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the ethical principle which obligates a person to help others further their important and legitimate interests (to do good)

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beneficence

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the branch of philosophy dealing with values relating to human conduct, with respect to the rightness and wrongness of certain actions and to the goodness and badness of the motives and ends of such action

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ethics

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that branch of ethics dealing with medicine and the life sciences; the application of normative ethics to the life sciences, including medicine and associated research

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bioethics

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that segment of bioethics which is typically restricted to the recognition and resolution of ethical problems involved in the care of a single patient, but which may actually be broader in scope to encompass the more general application of medical ethics through policy

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clinical ethics

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a theory according to which actions are judged right or wrong based on inherent right making characteristics or principles rather than on their consequences

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deontologism

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fair, equitable and appropriate treatment in light of what is due or owed to persons. Typically refers to distributive justice in medical ethics, which is the distribution of all rights and responsibilities in society

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Justice

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the branch of ethics having to do with the meaning and justification of ethical terms and norms

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metaethics

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the principle which obligates a person to not inflict harm on others. It is associated with the ancient medical maxim, primum non nocere. above all do no harm

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non maleficence

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the branch of ethics having to do with standards of right and wrong

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normative ethics

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that segment of bioethics which involves the structures and processes by which an organization attempts to ensure conduct appropriate to its values, missions and vision

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organizational ethics

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PRIMA FACIE

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at first sight, apparent

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justified claims that individuals and groups can make upon other individuals or upon society; to have a right is to be in a position to determine, by one's choices, what others should do or need not do

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Rights

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the view that an action is deemed morally acceptable because it produces the greatest balance of good over evil, taking into account all individuals affected

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utilitarian

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a persistent trait of good character. In aristotle's view, the virtues of temperance, courage, justice, wisdom and practical reason represented the excellent state of our emotional and intellectual faculities

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virtue

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what we ought do do or be

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normative ethics

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descriptive of how people do act or think they should act

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non normative ethics

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it askes the question, which moral norm for the guidance and evaluation of conduct should we accept and why

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normative ethical theories, kantian ethics, virtue ethics, utitarian ethics

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as to disease, make a habit of two things. Who said this and what are the two things

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Hippocrates, to help or at least do no harm

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description of how people do act making value judgments about right or wrong. the objective is to establish what factually or conceptually is the case, not what ethically ought to be the case

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non-normative ethics

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models of justification

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deductivism, inductivism, and coherentism

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an appeal to a higher level of authority, to a covering, a more general norm

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deductivism

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ethical principles are embedded in society's moral traditions. We reason from particular instances to general statements or positions

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inductivism

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one builds moral theories that are coherent with the premises of the theory (concept of reflective equilibrium)

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coherentism

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character based as opposed to principle based theory

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virtue ethics

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focuses on moral concern and someone having such virtues displays moral conduct

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virtue ethics

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there are certain ideals, such as excellence or dedication to the common good, toward which we should strive and which allow the full development of out human potential

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virtue ethics

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virtues enable us to be and to act is ways that develop this potential

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virtue ethics

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virtues are developed through learning and through practice

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virtue ethics

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state another name for deontology

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Kantianism