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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Macromolecules |
Large molecules |
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Carbohydrates |
Molecules that contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO) |
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What is the carbohydrates ratio? |
1:2:1 |
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List all the terms that are lipids |
triglycerides, steriods, oils |
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What cell lacks a nucleus? |
prokaryotic cells |
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What can be found in a prokaryotic cell? |
cell membrane, cytosol, DNA |
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List the taxonomy tree from most inclusive to least |
(Domain), Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species; *easy way to remember: King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup OOORRR Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup |
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A branch of biological science that deals with classification |
Taxonomy |
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What is evolutionary history of a species or group of related species?
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Phylogeny |
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What is different forms of a gene? |
Alleles |
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Form of cell division in which haploid cells are produced from diploid cells ? |
Meiosis |
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A biological success as measured by the number of its own genes present in the next generation is? |
Fitness |
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What eukaryotic organism does not fit the definition of animal, plant, or fungus? |
Protists |
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What is the appearance of an organism? |
Morphology |
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The process that favors the survival and reproduction of organisms that possess variations best suited to their environment? |
Natural Selection |
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What is monosaccharides? |
simple sugars |
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What do two monosaccharides together make? |
disaccharide |
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True or False: Dissacharide is a carbohydrate |
True |
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What are large molecules made up of chains of monosaccharides? |
polysaccharides |
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Proteins are polymers made of how many different amino acids? |
20 |
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What is DNA's full name? What is DNA? |
deoxyribonucleic acid molecule that makes up organism's genetic material |
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What is RNA's full name? What is RNA? |
Ribonucleic acid molecule that functions in synthesis of proteins |
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What is the difference structurally between DNA and RNA? |
DNA is a double stranded helix shape and RNA is a single-stranded molecule |
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What are lipids made of? |
hydrophobic molecules; fats, oils, waxes |
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What are membrane-bound organelles? |
eukaryotic cells |
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List off the things that animal and plant cells have in common (6 things) |
nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosome, mitochondrion, golgi apparatus, lysosome |
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What plant-specific structures do plant cells have (3 things)? |
central water vacuole, cellulose cell wall, chloroplasts |
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What, essentially, is a central water vacuole? |
a water bag; it stores water to help the plant stay upright for sunlight |
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What 4 classes of organic molecules make up living things on earth? |
carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids |
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What does a nucleus do in plant and animal cells? |
Encloses the cell's DNA |
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-What does an endoplasmic reticulum do in plant and animal cells? *hint: think of it like a factory -What do Vesicles do? -What is synthesized here? |
-where things are made, packaged, and shipped out; -Vesicles transport; -proteins and lipids are synthesized here |
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What is the Mitochondrion in plant and animal cells? |
cell's power plants; extract energy from food and convert it to useful form |
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What does a Golgi Apparatus do in plant and animal cells? |
process and package proteins produced in Rough ER; processed molecules packaged into membrane vesicles >> targeted and transported to final destination |
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What is an endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes attached to its surface? |
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) |
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What is an endoplasmic reticulum that does NOT have ribosomes attached to its surface? |
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) |
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What does a lysosome do in plant and animal cells? |
it's their recycling plant; breaks down worn cell parts to be used to build new cellular structures |
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What makes all of these things work inside the organelles? *hint: think of how the human body is containing all of our own organs, what rigid structure helps keep all these innards and stringy structures in place? |
cytoskeleton |
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What do chloroplasts contain? |
plant and algae cells |
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What does chloroplasts do? |
site of photosynthesis; capture and convert sunlight energy into a usable form |
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Part 1Q: How does a cell reproduce in prokaryotes? Part 2Q: When the new cells are created, what is that process technically called? |
Part 1A: division; a single chromosome is duplicated, creating two new cells Part 2A: binary fission |
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What type of cell division happens in eukaryotes? |
mitosis and cytokinesis |
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In regards to cell division in EUKARYOTES, which one is the cell cycle of replicated chromosomes that are then are separated into two new nuclei? |
mitosis |
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In regards to cell division in EUKARYOTES, which one is the physical process of cell division, which divides cytoplasm of a parental cell into two new daughter cells?
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cytokinesis |
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List the level of organization in terms of cells and tissues (from simplest form to most complex)? |
cells (simplest) tissues organs organ system multi-cellular organism (most complex) |
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What is evolution? |
process by which POPULATIONS of organisms change over time |
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What ship and year did Charles Darwin travel on that led to his discovering of the evolutionary theory? |
HMS Beagle, started in 1831 |
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Who thought of the theory of natural selection? |
Charles Darwin |
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Who first discovered the idea of genes and traits being passed down and how did they discover this beginning theory? |
a monk, cross-pollinating peas |
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What are the two types of reproduction? |
asexual and sexual |
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Cloning offspring is the process of what type of reproduction? |
Asexual |
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When chromosomes from 2 parents are combined, what type of reproduction is this? |
Sexual |
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Meiosis forms ____ cells that have one copy of each of an organism' chromosomes. What are these chromosomes called? |
haploid gametes |
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What is a gamete? *hint: the good ol' slogan used in sleazy marketing |
sex cells (sex sells, get it?) |
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The number of different chromosomes in an organism is? |
haploid number |
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What number is twice the haploid number? |
diploid number |
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What is reproductive isolation? *hint: there's two different squirrel species on either side of the Grand Canyon, why? |
Technical: mechanisms that prevent mating and therefore gene flow between members of different species Casual: when the two species are in different places and times so they cannot mate |
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What is allopatric speciation? *hint: how would a brazilian monkey mate with a japanese monkey? |
separated geographically |
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What is ecological isolation? *hint: how would a jungle monkey mate with a snow monkey? |
different environments |
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What is temporal isolation: *hint: different dances and different seasons |
mating behavior or fertility at different times |
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What is behavioral isolation? *hint: some dances don't work with all |
different mating activities |
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What is mechanical isolation? *hint: like dogs and molluscs having sex |
mating organs are incompatible |
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What is gametic isolation? *hint: no party in the reproductive organs |
gametes cannot unite |
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What is hybrid inviability? *hint: dogs and cats mating |
gametes unite but no viable offspring |
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What is hybrid infertility? *hint: donkey |
viable hybrid offspring cannot reproduce |
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Who, and what time period, introduced the binomial nomenclature system (how we name animals scientifically)? |
Carl Linnaeus, mid 1700's |
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How do you write a scientific name? |
1st name is the genus and is both capitalized and italicized 2nd name is the species and it is italicized |
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What is a diagram that traces hypothesized evolutionary relationships among organisms? *hint: tree |
phylogenetic tree |
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What is classifying organisms based on the order in time that branches arise along a phylogenetic tree? |
cladistics |
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A diagram where each branch point represents novel characteristics unique to all species on that branch. |
cladogram |
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What is a long, hair-like structure found in some cells that function in locomotion? |
flagella |
