Intro To Counseling

Front 1

Describe the importance of outcome research to professional counseling.

Back 1

Outcomes research is vital to the well being of the client, to the ethical obligations of the counselor, and to the advancement of the field. To be effective, counseling treatment must be empirically validated by research. If the profession and practice of counseling cannot show improved outcomes for clients, it cannot continue to move forward and receive support. Outcomes research involves three different types of methodology: clinical trials, qualitative reviews, and meta-analytic reviews.

Front 2

Explain the facets of counseling that contribute to positive outcomes.

Back 2

Treatment approach, client concern, client characteristics, professional counselor characteristics. Treatment manuals have the opportunity for being positive outcomes contributions.

Front 3

Provide a rationale for the use of school-based interventions for children and adolescents.

Back 3

The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development reported that 2.7 million children have been exposed too severe emotional or behavioral problems, which interfere with family relationships, peer relationships, and academics. 18%-22% of the students have diagnosable psychiatric disorders that require intervention. Emotional and Behavioral problems are most common in the primary school settings while depression and suicidal behaviors are common in the secondary school setting.

Front 4

Explain career interventions employed by professional school counselors.

Back 4

Career interventions aim at helping students and adults define and understand their career interests and abilities, creating a plan of action to accomplish their career endeavors. Individual career counseling as well as classroom guidance, which coordinates continuous activities, designed to assist in the establishment of personal goals and future plans. Relying only on computer based programs are not as effective as if you used the computer based programs along with a supplemental activity, in addition to counselor directed activities. Career interventions are least effective for elementary-age students. Directive interventions are more efficacious than person-centered interventions with regard to career counseling.

Front 5

What are the 3 types of methodology for outcome research?

Back 5

1. Clinical trials: consisting of a single study of a specific type of treatment or approach.
• Pros: they use comparison group, outcome measures, and standardized treatment protocols which, when used collectively, tremendously enhance the replicability of results.
• Cons: they offer only a single result from a single study, and a subsequent study with a different methodology is like to yield inconsistent results.
2. Qualitative reviews: researchers examine and summarize robust trends and findings across studies, clients, and contexts.
3. Meta-analytic reviews: is a specific quantitative technique that amasses and summarizes the results of numerous studies using a meaningful quantitative index, known as an effect size (ES). An ES conveys the magnitude of difference detected as a result of treatment. A small ES indicates difficulty in finding a small difference, requiring a larger sample to detect a difference.

Front 6

Therapeutic alliance is an important part of counseling outcomes even when
considering what 3 factors (Krupnick, 1996)?

Back 6

1. Intervention
2. Discipline
3. Diagnosis