Intro Pa Chapter 5

Front 1

Honor dates back to ancient Greece and Rome where precepts were formed regarding how noble individuals should behave when faced with danger or safety “Noblesse Oblige”. Codes of honor evolved in the military.

Are elected officials similar-how do they take risks (7)

Back 1

Similarly, elected officials are expected to take moral and career risks to protect their fellow citizens and their “constitution”

Both need to insure adequate communication and dependable behavior.

Front 2

Lies may be acceptable if it is immediately clear, or can be shown over time, they serve the national interest. (8)

Back 2

The quandary of lying for the public good has been a topic of debate from the time of plato, who spoke about the “noble lie”. The “dirty hands dilemma”, like the noble lies, is another famous quandary encountered in ethics.

Public officials dirty their hands (do bad deeds) to further the public good.

Front 3

The debate over the PA quandary for lying can be traced back to Plato who spoke about the “noble lie” or the “royal lie”. (8)

Back 3

Niccolo Machiavelli denied any Dilemma in his famous statement, “ when the act accuses, the result excuses “-- or in other words, “ the ends justify the means .”

Front 4

Machiavelli denied any dilemma with his famous statement: “When the act accuses, the result excuses.” What does this really mean?(8

Back 4

It means that it doesn’t matter what he has to do to get the END RESULTS, so the end results justify the means to get it.

Front 5

What are the four big takeaways from Machiavelli, , very similar to cunning, guileful and on occasion ruthless and manipulative views of the basic qualifications for a President (9&10)

Back 5

-Men Should be either treated generously or destroyed

- Princes out to leave affairs of reproach to the management of others (bad news is delivered by someone else) keep those of grace in their own hands (deliver the good news yourself )

-It is necessary for him who lays out a state and arrange laws for it to presuppose that all men are evil and they are going to act accordingly whenever given the chance.

-Princes who have achieved great things have been those who have giver their word lightly, who have known how to trick men with their cunning and who in the end, have overcome those abiding by honest principals.

Front 6

understand the implication of the statistics on first term Senators from 1863 to 1969 versus professional politicians (12).

Back 6

-In the 19th century majority of members served only one term

-Between 1863 and 1969 the proportion of first termers fell from 58% to 8%

-In 2000, 98% of the incumbents in House and 79% in the senate were re-elected.

Front 7

Probity (4) and Gravitas (13) are similar how?

Back 7

-Probity- implies tried and proven honesty or integrity

-True personal honor begins with integrity and honesty

-Over time the exhibition or proof of continued demonstrations of integrity are said to have “gravitas”

Front 8

What are the two most common forms of a lapse in ethics? Corruption in Government takes two major forms, corruption and lies. Corruption (bribery also) is more rampant if the ethical base of the agency is low and individual greed of public administrators in such organizations will be much more susceptible. What are the two most common forms or a lapse in ethics (13)

Back 8

-Honor

- Lying and

corruption

Front 9

The public officials who have the greatest reputation for lying are _AMBASSADORS____________ (18)

Back 9

Honest Man/ woman sent abroad to lie for their country

Front 10

What are the four levels of ethics in PA and what is the general meaning of each (22)

Back 10

-Personal morality-personal sense of right and wrong

-Professional ethics

-Organizations-Public Laws, agency rules, executive orders

-Social ethics range from societal laws to the ‘social conscience’

Front 11

Codes and standards: What are the differences and their general use and application (23-27)

Back 11

-Laws are not always the same thing as codes and standards Reasonably defining the difference between a code and a standard

-Codes are wide in scope and encompass a whole profession

-Codes are Opposed to “standards”

Front 12

STANDARDS

Back 12

-Created by the government

-Very specific applicable to bureaucrats

-Often enforced

-Legal penalties for Violation

Front 13

Codes

Back 13

-Created by professional societies

-Generally,general

-Applicable to members

-Seldom enforced

-Professional sanction may apply

Front 14

What are the differences and similarities between Friedrich’s and Finer’s perspectives on accountability (29)?

Back 14

Friedrich’s Only internal checks through professional standards or codes (increasing complexity of PA requires bureaucrats to have special expertise and specialized abilities)

Finer- Maintained only externally through legislative or popular controls (internal control leads to corruption)

The challenge of accountability is to find balance between completely trusting government officials and watching them so closely through legislative committees that they lose their ability to function

Front 15

Rosenbloom maintains PA must understand the Constitution for three reasons (30)

Back 15

So that managerial and political approaches are compatible with constitutional principles and values

Oaths to support the constitution may be more important than routine administrative functions

Public administrators may be personally liable for civil damages if they act in contravention to the constitution .

Front 16

.Legislative oversight and democratic control over public administration occur through hearings, congressional investigations. What is the difference between a grand jury and a hearing? (32)

Back 16

Hearings

-Agency budget requests

-Any member of congress-publish findings

Grand Jury

-Citizens appointed to determine the need for trial

-A panel of citizens that is convened by a court to decide whether it is appropriate for the government to indict (proceed with prosecution against someone suspected of a crime.

- The fifth amendment to the U.S. constitution says that a person suspected of a federal crime cannot be tried until a grand jury has determined that there is enough reason to charge the person.

-Legislators are really “standing Jury “