Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
medical asepsis |
clean technique- procedures and practices done to reduce number of microorganisms and prevent transfer handwashing, gloves |
|
|
surgical asepsis |
surgical area is free of microorganisms, sterile dressing change, urinary catheter |
|
|
differences between bacteria and viruses |
bacteria are more abundant and don't have to live within a host cell. produce toxins that cause muscle injury. Generally treated with antibiotics Viruses can not be killed with medicine because it has to live within host cell. smallest microorganisms. |
|
|
chain of infection |
infectious agent-> reservoir/ source (could be a human being or animal or hands or bedside table) -> portal of exit (how does it leave the source) (vomitting, sneezing) -> mode of transmission (how it travels) -> portal of entry (how it gets into a patient) (mucus membrane, cut on hand, incision, GI tract) -> Susceptible host (has to be able to multiply in host to cause disease) (infants, malnourished, burn victims, transplants, chemo therapy, radiation, etc.) |
|
|
modes of transmission (7) |
direct contact (dressing change, handshake), indirect contact (vehicle transmission)(food, water, medications), ingestion, airborne (smaller particle, tuberculosis, influenza), droplet (larger particle, exposure of mucus membrane to a sneeze, travel on air currents for three feet), vector (travel on animals like rats or insects), fomite (living on inanimate object (bedside table) that can then be passed on to a patient) |
|
|
nosocomial infections |
healthcare associated infections (HAI) |
|
|
CAUTI |
catheter associated urinary tract infections (32% of HAI) |
|
|
SSI |
Surgical Site Infections (22% of HAI) |
|
|
VAP |
Ventilator associated pneumonia (15% of HAI) |
|
|
CLBSI |
Central-line associated bloodstream infections (14% of HAI) |
|
|
incubation period |
time between entrance of pathogen into body and appearance of symptoms communicable, but not as communicable |
|
|
prodromal period |
nonspecific symptoms- feeling awful, feel like you're getting sick most communicable stage |
|
|
acute phase of illness |
worst phase of infection, microorganism can be assessed and diagnosis can be made
contagious |
|
|
convalescent period |
body is returning to normal, antibodies appear in blood stream no longer contagious |
|
|
risk factors for infection |
environment (waiting room, public places, public transportation), client resistance (any change in physiological or psychological status can lead to changes in health and risk for infections (depresses immune system), poor nutrition, chronic illness, fatigue/ anxiety), therapeutic regime (immunosuppressant drugs, chemotherapy, prolonged or multiple antibiotic use (killing off normal resident bacteria)) |
|
|
VISA, VRSA, MRSA |
staphylococcus aureus that is resistant to methycillin is called MRSA. Generally it is treated with vancomycin, but VISA and VRSA is resistant to this too. most commonly transmitted through hands |
|
|
VRE |
vancomycin resistant enterococci normally live in GI tract and vagina resistant to penicillin and sometimes now vancomycin |
|
|
C-diff |
clostridium difficile easy to transmit because it is a spore which means it is protected from most modes of cleaning- have to use a sporicidal at a certain grade -easy to spread because it can live for a long time on fomites like bed side table |
|
|
The Joint Commission |
accredidates health care facilities strict guidelines |
|
|
CDC |
monitors drug resistant organisms |
|
|
Standard precautions |
2 tiered approach. All patients are treated with one tier of precautions and certain patients are treated with a second tier. |
|
|
contact precautions |
C-difficile, dysentery Gown, gloves- regardless of what you are doing in that room need to either be in a private room or with someone else who has the same infection. door can be open. Visitors need to be instructed. equipment needs to be dedicated to them because it can't be used for another patient (i.e. blood pressure cuff). when transporting patient, whatever is being used needs to be protected and they can't hang around wherever they are |
|
|
Droplet precautions |
mode of transmission is via large droplets in the air not going to feel them in the air. generated by coughing, sneezing, or talking that if you are within three feet of them, mucous membranes in nose, mouth or eye could make you at risk meningitis, pneumonia mask and eye protection is required every time you walk into the room need to be in private room or cohabitate so long as they are more than three feet from each other and have the same illness dedicated equipment door can be open need to put mask on patient when transporting the patient visitors are told to wash hands, wear masks and eye protection and can not have a cold |
|
|
airborne precations |
microbes that are very small that can float around on air currents that can attach to dust particles in air. need to wear mask (HEPA respirator), gown, gloves tuberculosis, visitors need to wear masks, very careful about who visits need to have private room. dedicated equipment. door closed. sometimes negative pressure room which is vented from the outside world, hepa filters and PPE on patient while transporting (don't leave unless absolutely necessary) |
|
|
Combination precautions |
highly contagious conditions that use all airborn precautions and contact precautions chicken pox, measles, shingles, rubella, MRSA, VRE |
|
|
reverse isolation, neutropenic precautions |
severly immunocompromised and have low white blood cell count and are at high risk of developing infections patient isn't passing on illness, but we might be passing it on to them. |
