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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pre- 19th century attempts to establish rule (3) |
1. Greek City State 2. Hanseatic league 2. Italian City States |
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19th Century attempts |
1. Concert of Europe 2. Public International unions (UPS, RC) 3. The Hague System (2 Conferences) |
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Consequences of WW1 |
1. Treaty of Versailles 2. Creation of LON |
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League of Nations |
-1st multipurpose IGO w/ universal membership -promote peace/ prevent wars -4 organs: council, assembly, secretariat, PCIJ |
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Realism |
- self-interested states/people use power to advance own interests in anarchic world -state of nature= state of war -security dilemma/ arms race -deterrence and balance of power |
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Neorealism |
-structure of international system is anarchist -bipolarity is what is best -Intl law is pointless |
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Liberalism |
-international anarchy and war can be policies by international law and organizations -conflict is not inevitable/war is preventable -nonzero sum/ absolute gain |
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Neoliberalism |
International institutions promote cooperation |
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Functionalism |
-government arrangements arise out of basic needs of states -possible to bypass political rivalries and have cooperation between states |
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Social constructivism |
Behavior of actors is shaped by shared beliefs, socially constructed rules, and cultural practices -Humans change world by changing norms |
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Varieties of Global Governance |
-International structures (IGO/NGO) -International rules/laws (agreements, decisions) -International norms/ soft laws (UN resolutions) -International regimes -Ad hoc groups/ global conferences -Private/ hybrid governance |
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IGO's |
Informational Forum Normative: define standards of behavior Rule Creation Rule supervision Operational Idea generation |
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NGOs |
service or advocacy groups |
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International Law |
treaties customary practice writings of legal scholars judicial principles general principles of law |
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Norms and soft law |
ex: R2P |
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International Regimes |
Ex: nuclear weapons proliferation, whaling |
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Groups/ global conferences |
intergovernmental arrangements that lack legal formality of charters/treaties |
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Private governance |
-areas where states have chosen not to act or have yet to act -Ex: international accounting standards |
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Why did the LON fail? |
1. fell short of expectations 2. based on principle of voluntary action 3. sovereignty of members stayed intact 3. unable to respond to economic depression 1930s 4. U.S. never joined |
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United Nations |
1. Primary goal: maintain peace & security 2. Sovereign equality of all member states (one voted in GA) 3. Member states refrain from use of force, settle disputes peacefully |
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Organs of the UN |
1. General Assembly 2. Security Council 3. Economic and Social Council 4. Secretariat 5. ICJ 6. Trusteeship Council -independently established specialized agencies (WHO, ILO) |
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General Assembly |
-all UN members have one vote -debate arena |
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Security Council |
-responsibility for maintenance of international peace and security and authority to act - 5 permanent members (US, UK, Russia, France, China) |
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Economic and Social Council |
-Has specialized agencies (ILO, UPU) |
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Secretariat |
-civil servants who represent international community |
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ICJ |
-jurisdiction issues, cannot try individuals |
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Trusteeship Council |
-oversee non-self governing entities |
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Non-state actors |
-NGOs -Transnational Networks -Experts -MNCs -Social Movements -Foundations/ Global Think Tanks -Terrorist/Criminal |
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Last State to Join UN |
Montenegro |
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What is wrong with the UN? [Weiss] |
1. States keep their sovereignty 2. North-South divide 3. Dysfunctional 4. Overwhelming Bureaucracy |
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How to fix the UN [Weiss] |
1. Redefine National Interests 2. Move away from N-S divide 3. Cooperation and Coordination 4. Civil Service |
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Robert O. Keohane, “International Institutions: Can InterdependenceWork?” |
Institutions create thecapability for states to cooperate in mutually beneficial ways by reducing thecosts of making and enforcing agreements-what economists refer to as"transaction costs. |
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Leon Gordenker and Thomas G. Weiss. (1995)“Pluralising Global Governance: Analytical Approaches and Dimensions.” |
Definition of globalgovernance: efforts to bring more orderly and reliable responses to social andpolitical issues that go beyond capacities of states to address individually |
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KennethW. Abbott and Duncan Snidal (1998) “Why States Act through Formal InternationalOrganizations.” |
States are able to achievegoals that they cannot accomplish on a decentralized basis. The role of IOsextends to include development of common norms and practices that help states.States are wary of allowing IOs with too much autonomy. IOs provide animportant supplement to cooperation that affects the nature and performance ofthe international system. |
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Manchuria Dispute |
i. Japan invaded Manchuriaand threw out the Chinese gov/ set up their own government ii. China asked LON for help iii. LON ordered Japan toleave iv. Japan left the LON v. No countries helpedsupport because they were tied to Japan vi. LON failure |
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Bulgaria dispute |
i. Greek soldiers killed ina fight on the border of Bulgaria/Greece ii. Greeks retaliated and invaded Bulgaria iii. Bulgaria asked for helpfrom LON iv. LON condemned Greece andtold them to leave v. Bulgaria decided not tofight back vi. Greeks did as LON said vii. LON victory |
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Classifying types of IGO |
Geographic- global, regional, subregional purpose- general, specific |
