Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What drugs are of the class Sympathomimetic bronchodilator?
|
Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil), Isoetharine (Bronkosol), Levalbuterol (Xopenex), Metaproterenol (Alupent), Terbutaline
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Analgesic?
|
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA) - Aspirin
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Antidysrhythmic?
|
Adenosine (Adenocard), Amiodarone (Cordarone), Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Parasympatholytic or anticholinergic?
|
Atropine sulfate
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Carbohydrate?
|
Dextrose - 50% (D50W)
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Sedative - hypnotic, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiety (benzodiazepine)?
|
Diazepam (Valium)
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Antihistamine (H1 receptor antagonist)?
|
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Sympathomimetic?
|
Epinephrine 1:1,000, Epinephrine 1:10,000
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Loop diuretic?
|
Furosemide (Lasix)
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Hormone?
|
Glucagon, Vasopressin (Pitressin)
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Parasympatholytic bronchodilator?
|
Ipratropium (Atrovent)
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Narcotic analgesic?
|
Morphine sulfate
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Narcotic antagonist?
|
Naloxone (Narcan)
|
|
|
|
What drugs are of the class Nitrate?
|
Nitroglycerine (Nitrostat)
|
|
|
|
List the ten Intermediate drugs.
|
Aspirin, Albuterol, Atropine sulfate, D50, Epinephrine 1:1,000, Epinephrine 1:10,000, Glucagon, Lidocaine, Narcan, Nitroglycerine
|
|
|
|
List the drugs indicated for dysrhythmias.
|
Adenosine (Adenocard), Amiodarone (Cordarone), Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
|
|
|
|
List the drugs indicated for respiratory distress.
|
Albuterol (Ventolin, Proventil), Ipratropium (Atrovent), Isoetharine (Bronkosol), Levalbuterol (Xopenex), Metaproterenol (Alupent), Terbutaline
|
|
|
|
List the drug that is a carbohydrate.
|
Dextrose - 50% D50W
|
|
|
|
List the drug that is a sedative.
|
Diazepam (Valium)
|
|
|
|
List the drugs indicated for allergic reaction.
|
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl), Epinephrine 1:1,000
|
|
|
|
List all cardiac drugs.
|
Adenosine (Adenocard), Amiodarone (Cordarone), Epinephrine 1:10,000, Nitroglycerin (Nitrostat), Vasopressin (Pitressin)
|
|
|
|
List the drugs indicated for drug overdose.
|
Naloxone (Narcan)
|
|
|
|
List the drug used for pain management.
|
Morphine sulfate
|
|
|
|
Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA)
|
Aspirin
Class: Analgesic. Inhibitor of platelet function. Anti-inflammatory. Actions: Blocks platelet aggregation. Indications: Chest pain suggestive of myocardial ischemia. Signs and symptoms suggestive of recent ischemic stroke. Contraindications: Patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug. Precautions: GI bleeding and upset stomach. Side effects: Heartburn; nausea and vomiting. Dosage: 160 mg or 325 mg by mouth (chewed). Onset: 5 to 30 minutes. Peak effects: 15 minutes to 2 hours. Route: Oral Pediatric dosage: Not recommended. |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Adenosine
|
Adenocard
Class: Antidysrhythmic Actions: Slows atrioventricular conduction. Can interrupt reentrant pathways through the atrioventricular node. Slows sinoatrial node rate. Indications: Symptomatic paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (including those caused by Wolff-Parkins-White syndrome). Contraindications: Second- or third- degree heart block. Sick sinus syndrome. Known hypersensitivity to the drug. Precautions: Arrhythmias, including blocks, are common at the time of cardioversion. Hypotension. Use with caution in asthmatic patients. Side effects are usually short-lived and better tolerated by the patient if they are informed of possible side effects prior to administration of the drug. Side effects: facial flushing, headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, nausea. Asystolic period following administration. Dosage: 6mg given as a rapid IV bolus over a 1- to 2-second period; if, after 1 to 2 minutes, conversion does not occur, administer a 12 mg dose over 1 to 2 seconds. If unsuccessful, a third dose of 12 mg can be administered 1 to 2 minutes later. Onset: Within 20 to 30 seconds. Peak effect: Within 20 to 30 seconds. Route: IV; should be administered directly into a vein or into the medication administration port closest to the patient and followed by flushing the line with IV fluid. Pediatric dosage: 0.1 mg/kg rapid IV push followed by saline flush. May double (0.2 mg/kg), if second dose is needed. Maximum first dose: 6 mg. Maximum second dose: 12 mg. Maximum single dose: 12 mg |
ACLS drug
|
|
|
Albuterol
|
Ventolin, Proventil
Class: Sympathomimetic bronchodilator Actions: Selective beta 2 adrenergic agonist that causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, thus decreasing airway resistance and increasing vital capacity. Indications: Bronchospasm associated with reversible obstructive airway disease (asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema). Contraindications: Patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. Precautions: Use with caution in patients with cardiac ischemia. Try to measure peak flow before and after treatment. Side effects: Tremors, anxiety, dizziness, headache, insomnia, nausea, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension. Dosage: Metered-dose inhaler; 90 mcg (two sprays). Nebulizer: 2.5 mg in 2.5 to 3.0 mL normal saline. Repeat as needed. Onset: 5 to 15 minutes. Peak effects: 1 to 1.5 hours Route: inhalation Pediatric dosage: 0.15 mg/kg in 2.5 to 3.0 mL normal saline via nebulizer. Repeat as needed. |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Amiodarone
|
Cordarone
Class: Antidysrhythmic Actions: Prolongs the duration of the action potential and refractory period. Acts on all cardiac tissues. Blocks sympathetic stimulation. Indications: Life-threatening ventricular and supraventricular dysrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation (VF) and ventricular tachycardia (FT). Contraindications: Severe sinoatrial (SA) node dysfunction. Second- and third-degree AV block. Hemodynamically significant bradycardia. Precautions: heart failure. Side effects: Nausea, hypotension, anorexia, malaise, fatigue, tremors, pulmonary toxicity, ventricular ectopic beats. Dosage: Cardiac arrest from VF and VT: 300 mg. Recurrent VF or VT: 150 mg. Maximum dose: 2.2 grams over 24 hours. Onset: immediate Peak effects: 30 to 45 minutes Route: IV Pediatric dosage: 5 mg/kg IV (maximum dose: 15 mg/kg) |
ACLS drug
|
|
|
Atropine Sulfate
|
Class: Parasympatholytic (anticholinergic)
Action: Blocks acetylcholine receptors. Increases heart rate. Decreases gastric secretions. Indications: To increase heart rate and cardiac output in symptomatic bradycardia. Bradyasystolic cardiac arrest. Antidote for organophosphate poisoning. Contraindications: None in the emergency setting. Precautions: Use with caution in patients with signs of myocardial ischemia. Side effects: Palpitations, tachycardia, headache, dizziness, anxiety, dry mouth, pupillary dilation, blurred vision, urinary retention (especially in older men). Dosage: Symptomatic bradycardia: 0.5 to 1.0 mg IVP (may repeat in 3 to 5 minutes to a maximum of 3.0 mg). Bradyasystolic arrest: 1.0 mg IVP (may repeat every 3 to 5 minutes to a maximum of 0.4 mg/kg). Organophosphate poisoning: 2 to 5 mg IV or IM every 10 15 minutes. Onset: 30 to 90 seconds. Route: IV Pediatric dosage: 0.02 mg/kg IV (Minimum dose is 0.1 mg) |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Dextrose - 50%
|
D50W
Class: Carbohydrate Actions: Dextrose (d-glucose) is the principal form of sugar used by the body to create energy. Indications: To increase blood sugar levels in documented hypoglycemia. Contraindications:None in a patient with documented hypoglycemia. Precautions: Can cause tissue damage and necrosis at injection site. Can cause severe neurological symptos (Wernicke's encephalopathy, Korsakoff's psychosis) in patients who are thiamine deficient. Side effects:Warmth or pain at injection site. Dosage: 25 grams IV push Onset: < 1 minute Peak effects: Variable Route: IV Pediatric dosage: 2 mL/kg of 25% solution (D25W) |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Epinephrine 1:1,000
|
Class: Sympathomimetic
Actions: Acts on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and imitates the actions of the sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine 1:1,000 contains 1 milligram of epeniphrine in 1 mL of solvent. Indications: Allergic reactions Reversible bronchospasm associated with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. Contraindications: Patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. Precautions: Avoid accidental IV injection. Repeated injections can cause tissue necrosis. Side effects: Nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, palpitations, hypertension, MI, dysrhythmias, nausea, vomiting. Dosage: 0.3 to 0.5 mg SQ or IM Onset 3 to 10 minutes Peak effects: 20 minutes Route: Subcutaneous or intramuscular Pediatric dosage: 0.01 mg/kg SQ |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Epinephrine 1:10,000
|
Class: Sympathomimetic
Actions: Acts on both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and imitates the actions of sympathetic nervous system. Epinephrine 1:10,000 contains 1 mg of epinephrine in 10 mL of solvent. Indications: Cardiac arrest Severe anaphylaxis. Contraindications: Patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. Precautions: Repeated injections can cause tissue necrosis. Monitor vital signs and ECG. Side effects: Nervousness, restlessness, anxiety, tremors, palpitations, hypertension, MI, dysrhythmias, nausea, vomiting. Dosage: Cardiac arrest: 1 mg IV every 3 to 5 minutes. 2 to 2.5 mg of epinephrine 1:1,000 diluted in 10 mL normal saline via ET tube. Onset: <2 minutes Peak effects: <5 minutes Route: IV, ET, IO Pediatric dosage: Cardiac arrest: 0.01 mg/kg epinephrine 1:10,000 IV/IO for initial dose. For subsequent doses: 0.1 mg/kg epinephrine 1:1,000 IV/IO. |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Glucagon
|
Class: Hormone
Actions: Increases blood glucose level by causing breakdown and release of stored glycogen and inhibiting the conversion of glucose to glycogen. Increases heart rate, AV conduction, and myocardial contractility in a manner similar to catecholamines, but through a different mechanism. Indications: Hypoglycemia. Beta blocker overdose. Contraindications: Patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. Precautions: May be ineffective in patients with inadequate liver glycogen stores (i.e. alcoholism, malnutrition). Side effects: Dizziness, hypotension, nausea and vomiting. Dosage: Hypoglycemia: 1.0 mg IM/SQ, may repeat every 15 to 20 minutes. Beta Blocker Overdose: 50 t0 150 mcg/kg IV over 1 minute. Onset: 5 to 20 minutes Peak Effects: 30 minutes Route: IV, IM, SQ Pediatric dosage: Hypoglycemia: Neonates/infants: 0.025 to 0.3 mg/kg IM/IV/SQ (max dose 1 mg) Children: 0.03 to 0.1 mg/kg IM/IV/SQ (max dose 1 mg) Beta Blocker Overdose: 50 to 150 mcg/kg IV over 1 minute. |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Lidocaine
|
Class: Antidysrhythmic
Actions: Suppresses automaticity in the His/Purkinje system Elevates threshold for ventricular dysrhythmias. Lowers threshold for defibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in cardiac arrest to a sinus rhythm. To convert ventricular tachycardia with pulse to a sinus rhythm. Contraindications: Patients with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug. Supraventricular dysrhythmias. High-grade heart blocks. Sinus bradycardia. Precautions: Use with caution in patients with renal or liver disease, CHF, marked hypoxia, respiratory depression, and shock. Side effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, restlessness, confusion, bradycardia, conduction disorders, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting. Dosage: VF/VT cardiac arrest: 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg IV. Repeat every 3 to 5 minutes as needed up to 3 mg/kg. Following conversion, begin infusion at 2 to 4 mg/minute. VT with pulse: 1.0 to 1.5 mg/kg slow IV. May repeat at one-half dose every 5 to 10 minutes until conversion (up to 3 mg/kg). Following conversion, begin infusion at 2 to 4 mg/minute. Onset: <3 minutes Peak effects: 5 to 7 minutes Route: IV (bolus and infusion) Pediatric dosage: VF/VT cardiac arrest: 1 mg/kg IV. Repeat every 3 to 5 minutes as needed up to 3 mg/kg. Following cardioversion, begin infusion at 20 to 50 mcg/kg/minute. VT with pulse: 1.0 mg/kg IV followed by infusion at 20 to 50 mcg/kg/minute. |
Intermediate drug.
|
|
|
Naloxone
|
Narcan
Class: Narcotic antagonist Actions: Blocks opiate receptors thus negating effects of opiates Indications: Narcotic overdose. Contraindications: Patient hypersensitivity to the drug. Do not use in non-opiate-induced respiratory depression Precautions: Titrate the dose to increase respirations. Giving a large dose will induce an acute narcotic withdrawal syndrome. Side effects: Primarily due to narcotic withdrawal (tremors, agitation, runny nose, diarrhea). Dosage: 0.4 to 2.0 mg IV/IM (2.0 to 2.5 times dose for ET). May be repeated every 2 to 3 minutes up to 10 mg. Onset: IV<2 minutes IM/ET: 2 to 10 minutes Peak effects: IV: <2 minutes IM/ET: 2 to 10 minutes Route: IV, IM/ET Pediatric dosage: 0.01 mg/kg IV, IM or IO (2.0 to 2.5 times does ET). May be repeated as needed. ET route not advised. |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Nitroglycerine
|
Nitrostat
Class: Nitrate Actions: Potent vasodilator with anti-anginal, anti-ischemic, and antihypertensive effects. Indications: To increase coronary perfusion and decrease chest pain in angina and MI. To reduce preload in acute pulmonary edema. Contraindications: Patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. Precautions: Use with caution in patients with head injuries, increased intracranial pressure, shock, and patients taking sildenafil (Viagra). Side effects: Headache, dizziness, postural hypotension, tachycardia, nausea, vomiting Dosage: 0.4 mg SL. May repeat every 3 to 5 minutes up to 3 tablets. 1/2 to inch of ointment applied to chest wall 0.4 mg (1 spray). May repeat every 3 to 5 minutes up to 3 sprays. Onset: Sublingual (SL): 1 to 3 minutes Topical: 20 to 30 minutes Peak Effects: SL: 5 to 10 minutes Topical: 1 to 4 hours Route: SL, topical, sublingual spray Pediatric dosage: Not indicated. |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
Morphine sulfate
|
Class: Narcotic analgesic
Actions: Acts on opiate receptors in the brain that cause analgesia and sedation. Indications: Moderate to severe pain. To reduce preload in acute MI and pulmonary edema. Contraindications: Known hypersensitivity to opiates. Undiagnosed head injury. Precautions: Do not administer to patients who are hypotensive or volume depleted. Do not use in asthma, COPD, or severe respiratory failure. Side effects: Sedation, rash, respiratory depression, dysphoria, bradycardia, syncope, constipation, dry mouth. Dosage: Pain: 2.5 to 15 mg IV; 5 to 20 mg IM/SQ. To decrease preload: 1 to 2 mg IV every 5 to 6 minutes as needed. Onset: IV (immediate) IM (15 to 30 minutes) Peak Effects: IV (20 minutes) IM (30 to 60 minutes) Route: IV, IM, SQ Pediatric dosage: 0.1 to 0.2 mg/kg IM/SC |
Intermediate drug
|
|
|
How many Schedules of drugs are there?
|
5
|
|
|
|
Schedule:
High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; no accepted medical indications; used for research, analysis, or instruction only. Examples: Herion. LSD, mescaline |
Schedule I
|
|
|
|
Schedule:
High abuse potential; may lead to severe dependence; accepted medical indications. Examples: Opium, cocaine, morphine, codeine, oxycodone, methadone, secobarbital |
Schedule II
|
|
|
|
Schedule:
Less abuse potential than Schedules I and II; may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence; accepted medical indications. Examples: Limited opioid amounts or combined with noncontrolled substances: Vicodin, Tylenol with codeine |
Schedule III
|
|
|
|
Schedule:
Low abuse potential compared to Schedule III; limited psychological and/or physical dependence; accepted medical indications. Examples: Diazepam, lorazepam, phenobarbital |
Schedule IV
|
|
|
|
Schedule:
Lower abuse potential compared to Schedule IV; may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence; accepted medical indications. Examples: Limited amounts of opioids, often for cough or diarrhea |
Schedule V
|
|
|
|
Pharmacodynamics
|
The mechanism of action. The way in which a drug causes its effects.
|
|
|
|
Pharmacokinetics
|
How drugs are transported into the body; how they are absorbed, distributed, and metabolized within the body; and how they are eliminated from the body.
|
|
|
|
Passive transport
|
Movement of a substance without the use of energy.
|
|
|
|
Diffusion
|
Movement of solute in a solution from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
|
|
|
|
Osmosis
|
Movement of solvent in a solution from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration
|
|
|
|
Filtration
|
Movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.
|
|
|
|
Active transport
|
The transport of molecules across a cell membrane against the letrical or concentration gradient, requires the use of energy
|
|
|
|
Bioavailability
|
Amount of a drug that is still active after it reaches its target tissue.
|
|
|
|
Facilitated diffusion
|
Process in which carrier proteins transport large molecules across the cell membrane.
|
|
|
|
Blood-brain barrier
|
Tight junctions of the capillary endothelial cells in the central nervous system vasculature through which only nonprotein-bound , highly lipid-soluble drugs can pass.
|
|
|
|
Placental barrier
|
Biochemical barrier at the maternal/fetal interface that restricts certain molecules.
|
|
|
|
Metabolism
|
The body's breaking down chemicals into different chemicals.
|
|
|
|
Biotransformation
|
Special name given to the metabolism of drugs.
|
|
|
|
Prodrug
|
Medication that is not active when administered, but whose biotransformation converts it into active metabolites. Also called parent drugs.
|
|
|
|
Receptor
|
Specialized protein that combines with a drug resulting in biochemical effect.
|
|
|
|
Agonist
|
Drug that binds to a receptor and causes it to initiate the expected response.
|
|
|
|
Antagonist
|
Drug that binds to a receptor but does not cause it to initiate the expected response.
|
|
|
|
Also known as hypersensitivity; this effect occurs as the drug is antigenic and activates the immune system, causing effects that are normally more profound than seen in the general population.
|
Allergic reaction
|
|
|
|
A drug effect that is unique to the individual; different than seen or expected in the population in general.
|
Idiosyncrasy
|
|
|
|
Decreased response to the same amount of drug after repeated administrations.
|
Tolerance
|
|
|
|
Tolerance for a drug that develops after administration of a different drug. Morphine and other opiod agents are common examples. Tolerance for one agent implies tolerance for others as well.
|
Cross tolerance
|
|
|
|
Rapdily occurring tolerance to a drug. May occur after a single dose. This typically occurs with sympathetic agonists, specifically decongestant and bronchodilation agents.
|
Tachyphylaxis
|
|
|
|
Name the four types of drug actions:
|
Binding to a receptor site
Changing the physical properties of cells Chemically combining with other chemicals Altering the normal metabolic pathway. |
|
|
|
The 2 neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system.
|
Acetylcholine (cholinergic synapses)
Norepinephrine (adrenergic synapses) |
|
|
|
Four types of receptors in the sympathetic nervous system
|
alpha-adrenergic
a-1 (vasoconstriction) a-2 (continued release of norepinephrine) beta-adrenergic b-1 (increase in heart rate, cardiac contractility, impulse conduction and automaticity) b-2 (bronchodilation) |
|
|
|
Drug class which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system
|
Sympathomimetics
|
|
|
|
Drug class which inhibits the sympathetic nervous system
|
Sympatholytics
|
|
