Integumentary System

Front 1

Thermoregulation, the homeostatice control of body temp is due to the skin liberating sweat at its surface and by adjsting the flow of blood in the

Back 1

dermis

Front 2

The skin provides protection through physical, chemical and

Back 2

biological barriers

Front 3

cutaneous sensations, including touch, pressure, vibrations, tickle, heat, cold, and pain arise in the

Back 3

skin

Front 4

the skin plays minor roles in excretion, the elimination of wastes from the body, and absorption, the passage of material from teh external environment into

Back 4

body cells

Front 5

Synthesis of vitamin D requires activation of a precursor molecule in the skin by

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UV light

Front 6

Transdermal drug administration is a method of drug passage across the epidermis and into the blood vessels of the

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dermis

Front 7

Identify the embryologic derivation of teh epidermis and the dermis

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stem cells

Front 8

Stem cells are the exact

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beginning point

Front 9

what are the layers of the epidermis

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stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only in palms and soles and feet), and stratum conrneum

Front 10

the stratum basale is teh

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deepest layer of the epidermis

Front 11

stratum basale is sometimes called

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stratum germinativum to indicate its role in formation of new cells

Front 12

the stratum spinosum provides

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strength and flexibility to the skin

Front 13

the stratum granulosum marks the transition between the eeper, metaboliclly active strata it also show a

Back 13

water repellant sealant between cells

Front 14

Stratum lucidum is present only in the

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fingers, palms, and soles of the feet

Front 15

Histamines are considered

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body cops because they let blood in but nothing comes out

Front 16

The stratum corneum is the most superficial layer and consists of

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dead cells

Front 17

Lamellar granules in this layer make it

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water repellant

Front 18

Constant epxosure to friction will cause this layer to increase in depth with the formation of a callus, an

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abnormal thickening of the epidermis

Front 19

List the types and functions of sensory receptors in the skin

Back 19

meissners corpuscles and free nerve endings sense heat, cold, pain, tickle, itch

Front 20

What is the role of carotene, melanin,and hemoglobin in the coloration of skin

Back 20

3 pigments melanin in vit A, yellow orange in hemoglobin, melanin located in mostly in the epidermis causes skin color to vary from pale yellow to tan to black

Front 21

Albinism is the inherited inability of an individual to produce

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melanin

Front 22

Vitiligo is the complete or partial loss of

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melanocytes from patches of the skin resulting irregular white spots on the skin

Front 23

arrector pili muscle attaches to hairs and contraction pullthe hair into a more vertical position resulting in

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"goose bumps"

Front 24

sebacious oil glands are connected to

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hair follicles

Front 25

sudoriferous sweat glands are divided into

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apocrine and eccrine types

Front 26

Eccrine sweat glands have an extensive distribution; their ducts terminate at pores at the surface of the

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epidermis

Front 27

the main function of eccrine sweat glands is to help regulate body temp through

Back 27

evaporation

Front 28

the eccrine sweat gland also helps to eliminate

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wastes such as urea

Front 29

apocrine sweat glands are limited in distribuiton to the skin of the axilla, pubis, and areolae, their duct open into

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hair follicles

Front 30

Fontanelles have two major functions what are they?

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they enable the skull to modify its shape and size and move around

Front 31

Describe the endochondrial ossification

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Endochondral ossification involves replacement of cartilage by bone and forms most of the bones of the body

Front 32

The first step in endochondral ossification is the development of the

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cartilage model

Front 33

Step two of the endochondral ossification is the growth of the

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cartilage model

Front 34

In step 3 of the endochondral ossification the primary ossification center develops in the

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diaphysis

Front 35

Step 4 of the endochondral ossification involves the development of secondary ossification centers in the

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epiphysis

Front 36

The final process of endochondral ossification is the formation of

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articular cartilage and the epiphyseal plate

Front 37

The epiphyseal plate is the

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growth plate

Front 38

The epiphyseal plate consists of 4 zones:

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the zone of resting cartilage, zone of proliferation cartilage, zone of hypertrophic cartilage, and zone of calcified cartilage

Front 39

the activity of teh epiphyseal plate is the only means by which the diaphysis can

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grow in length

Front 40

The ends of the epiphyseal plate grow away from

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the middles

Front 41

When the epiphyseal plate closes, it is re placed by

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bone

Front 42

the epiphyseal line appears and indicates the bone has completed its

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growth in length

Front 43

What is the role of osteoclasts in ossification?

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Osteoclasts (large cells) are derived from monocytes (WBC)and serve to break down bone tissue by the use of strong lysosomal enzymes

Front 44

The destruction of normal bone matrix is part of teh

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normal development, growth, maintenance, and repair

Front 45

The appendicular skeleton has how many bones?

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126

Front 46

The axial skeleton has how many bones

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80

Front 47

The total amount of bones in the skeleton are

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206

Front 48

Almost all bones can be classified by their shape:

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long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid

Front 49

Sutural bones are classified on the basis of

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location