Innervation: Head & Neck Midterm

Front 1

Cutaneous sensory innervation of the face

Back 1

Branches of all 3 divisions of the trigeminal (V)

Front 2

Forehead, upper eyelid, dorsum of nose

Back 2

V1-Opthalmic

Front 3

Lower eyelid, infra-orbital region, temporal region, sides of nose

Back 3

V2-Maxillary

Front 4

Chin, lower lip, cheek, temporal region

Back 4

V3-Mandibular

Front 5

Facial skin over the angle of the mandible and parotid region

Back 5

Great auricular nerve from cervical plexus, spinal nerves C2 & C3

Front 6

Mimetic muscles of the face

Back 6

VII-Facial

Front 7

Posteromedial scalp

Back 7

Greater occipital (C2 PR)

Front 8

Inferior to the ears

Back 8

Great auricular (C2,3 AR)

Front 9

In front of the ears

Back 9

Auriculotemporal (V3)

Front 10

SCALP

Back 10

1. Supraorbital (V1)
2. Zygomaticotemporal (V2)
3. Auriculotemporal (V3)
4. Lesser occipital
5. Great auricular *Both cervical plexus nerves: both C2,3 from cervical anterior rami
6. Greater occipital PR C2
7. Third occipital PR C3 *Posterior rami cutaneous branches of C2 (Greater occipital) and C3 (Third occipital)

Front 11

Dura mater

Back 11

1. Branches of all 3 divisions of trigeminal
2. Branches from the upper cervical spinal nerves
3. Vagus

Front 12

CN I Origin

Back 12

Olfactory regions of the cerebral cortex

Front 13

CN II Origin

Back 13

Lateral geniculate ganglia of the thalamus

Front 14

CN VIII Origin

Back 14

Junction of the pons and medulla (Vestibular nuclei at the junction of the pons and medulla; cochlear nuclei in the medulla)

Front 15

CN III Origin

Back 15

Motor nucleus in the midbrain near its junction with the pons

Front 16

CN IV Origin

Back 16

Motor nucleus of CN IV is in the midbrain; the motor fibers of IV decussate w/in the midbrain then exit from the posterior surface of the midbrain below the inferior colliculus.

Front 17

CN VI Origin

Back 17

Motor nucleus of CN VI is in the lower pons; leaves the brainstem at the junction of the pons and the medulla

Front 18

CN XI Origin

Back 18

Rootlets emerge from the lateral side of the spinal cord-from the upper six cervical spinal cord segments. The cell bodies are in the accessory nuclei in the lateral part of anterior horn of grey of spinal cord segments C1-C6.

Front 19

CN XII Origin

Back 19

Arises as multiple rootlets from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla, between the pyramid and the olive.

Front 20

CN V Origin

Back 20

Emerges from the lateral pons as two independent roots (motor nucleus and sensory nucleus)

Front 21

CN VII Origin

Back 21

Exits at lower border of pons (leaves in 2 pieces: motor root of VII and nervous intermedius)

Front 22

CN IX Origin

Back 22

Medulla

Front 23

CN X Origin

Back 23

Emerge as rootlets from the medulla

Front 24

Ist Pharyngeal Arch

Back 24

CN V-Trigeminal

Front 25

2nd Pharyngeal Arch

Back 25

CN VII-Facial

Front 26

3rd Pharyngeal Arch

Back 26

CN IX-Glossopharyngeal

Front 27

4th Pharyngeal Arch

Back 27

CN X-Vagus; Superior Laryngeal Nerve

Front 28

6th Pharyngeal Arch

Back 28

CN X-Vagus; Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Front 29

Cutaneous branches of V1 (forehead, upper eyelid, dorsum of nose)

Back 29

1. Supratrochlear
2. Supraorbital
3. Medial and lateral lacrimal nerves
4. Infratrochlear nerve
5. External nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal nerve

Front 30

Cutaneous branches of V2 (lower eyelid, infra-orbital region, temporal region, sides of nose)

Back 30

1. infraorbital
2. zygomaticofacial
3. zygomaticotemporal

Front 31

Cutaneous branches of V3 (chin, lower lip, cheek, temporal region)

Back 31

1. mental
2. buccal
3. auriculotemporal

Front 32

CN VII-Facial nerve branches

Back 32

1. temporal
2. zygomatic
3. buccal
4. mandibular
5. cervical

Front 33

Bell's Palsy

Back 33

CN VII-Facial

Front 34

Parotid gland

Back 34

The parotid gland is innervated by postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers from CN IX/Glossopharyngeal that hitch a ride with the auriculotemporal (V3)

Front 35

Frontonasal prominence

Back 35

Gives rise to the forehead and nose-V1 innervation

Front 36

Maxillary prominences

Back 36

Give rise to the upper jaw-V2 innervation

Front 37

Mandibular prominences

Back 37

Give rise to the lower jaw-V3 innervation

Front 38

Sweat glands in the facial skin

Back 38

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

Front 39

Arrector pili muscles in the facial skin

Back 39

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

Front 40

Blood vessels in the facial skin

Back 40

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk

Front 41

Postganglionic sympathetic fivers leave the superior cervical ganglion and eventually hitch rides on cutaneous branches of what cranial nerve?

Back 41

CN V-Trigeminal

Front 42

Orbicularis oculi

Back 42

CN VII-Facial

Front 43

Levator palpebrae superioris

Back 43

CN III-Oculomotor

Front 44

Dilator pupillae

Back 44

The dilator pupillae is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers traveling in the long ciliary nerves of the nasociliary branch of CN V1/Opthalmic.

Front 45

Where do preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from CN III-Oculomotor synapse?

Back 45

Ciliary ganglia

Front 46

Sphincter pupillae

Back 46

The sphincter pupillae is innervated by postganglionic parasympathetic fibers traveling in the short ciliary nerves from the ciliary ganglion (from Edinger-Westphal nucleus via inferior division of oculomotor nerve)

Front 47

Superior rectus

Back 47

CN III-Oculomotor

Front 48

Inferior rectus

Back 48

CN III-Oculomotor

Front 49

Medial rectus

Back 49

CN III-Oculomotor

Front 50

Levator palpebrae superioris

Back 50

CN III-Oculomotor

Front 51

Inferior oblique

Back 51

CN III-Oculomotor

Front 52

Superior oblique

Back 52

CN IV-Trochlear

Front 53

Lateral rectus

Back 53

CN VI-Abducens

Front 54

Superior ramus of CN III-Oculomotor innervates...

Back 54

1. superior rectus
2. levator palpebrae superioris

Front 55

Inferior ramus of CN III-Oculomotor innervates...

Back 55

1. inferior rectus
2. medial rectus
3. inferior oblique
4. ciliary ganglion (preganglionic-parasympathetic)

Front 56

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapsing in the ciliary ganglion come from where?

Back 56

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Front 57

Short ciliary nerves contain...

Back 57

1. postganglionic sympathetic fibers from carotid plexus
2. postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from Edinger-Westphal nucleus
3. Sensory afferent fibers from nasociliary nerve (V1)

Front 58

Where are the postganglionic parasympathetic fibers of the short ciliary nerves headed?

Back 58

1. sphincter pupillae muscles
2. ciliary muscles

Front 59

V1-Opthalmic emerges from the trigeminal ganglion, goes through the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus, and enters the SOF. It usually splits into three branches just before it goes into the fissure. They are...

Back 59

1. lacrimal nerve
2. frontal nerve
3. nasociliary nerve

Front 60

Sensation to the upper lateral skin of the eyelid

Back 60

Lacrimal nerve

Front 61

Sensation to the posterior ethmoid and sphenoidal sinuses

Back 61

posterior ethmoid (nasociliary-V1)

Front 62

Sensation to the middle and anterior ethmoid sinuses

Back 62

anterior ethmoid (nasociliary-V1)

Front 63

Sensation to small are of skin on the medial surface of the upper eyelid

Back 63

infratrochlear (nasociliary-V1)

Front 64

The lacrimal nerve receives what from V2?

Back 64

The lacrimal nerve receives postganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers from the pterygopalatine ganglion via zygomatic branch of V2.

Front 65

Where are the cell bodies of the parasympathetic fibers of the lacrimal nerve?

Back 65

pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 66

Tear production

Back 66

PS fibers from the zygomatic branch of V2 traveling in the lacrimal nerve (V1)

Front 67

Frontal nerve bifurcates into...

Back 67

1. supratrochlear
2. supraorbital

Front 68

Nasociliary (V1) branches...

Back 68

1. anterior ethmoidal
2. posterior ethmoidal
3. long ciliary nerves (carrying sympathetic fibers to dilator pupillae of iris and sensory fibers from the cornea)
4. infratrochlear nerve

Front 69

Long ciliary nerves carry...

Back 69

Long ciliary nerves (from nasociliary branch of V1-opthalmic) carry both sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae of the iris and sensory fibers from the cornea.

Front 70

CN VIII-Vestibulocochlear 2 branches

Back 70

1. vestibular nerve
2. cochlear nerve

Front 71

Most of the auricle is innervated by...

Back 71

1. Great auricular nerve (from cervical plexus)
2. Auriculotemporal nerve (from V3)

Tiny contributions to the skin of the concha are made by twigs from the facial and vagus nerves

Front 72

External acoustic meatus

Back 72

1. Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
2. Auricular branch of the vagus

Front 73

External surface of the tympanic membrane

Back 73

1. Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)
2. Auricular branch of the vagus

Front 74

Internal surface of the tympanic membrane

Back 74

Sensory innervation from CN IX-Glossopharyngeal

Front 75

Tensor tympani

Back 75

Medial pterygoid nerve from V3

Front 76

Tensor veli palatini

Back 76

Medial pterygoid nerve from V3

Front 77

Stapedius

Back 77

Nerve to stapedius-CN VII-Facial

Front 78

Mucosa of the tympanic cavity

Back 78

Tympanic branch of CN IX-Glossopharyngeal

Front 79

Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

Back 79

chorda tympani-CN VII-Facial

Front 80

Tympanic plexus receives contributions from...

Back 80

1. Tympanic nerve (Jacobsen's)-CN IX-Glossopharyngeal (tympanic nerve also carries preganglionic secretomotor fibers that enter the lesser petrosal nerve)
2. Caroticotympanic nerves (contain postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers that supply smooth muscle in blood vessels)

Front 81

Eustachian/pharyngotympanic tube

Back 81

Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)

Front 82

Mucosa of the tympanic cavity

Back 82

Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)

Front 83

Inner aspect of the tympanic cavity

Back 83

Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)

Front 84

Mastoid antrum

Back 84

Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)

Front 85

Mastoid air cells

Back 85

Sensory branches of the tympanic plexus (from tympanic nerve of CN IX)

Front 86

What supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion?

Back 86

Lesser petrosal nerve from the tympanic plexus supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the otic ganglion.

Front 87

Receptor cells in the vestibular organs; neuron type and cell body location?

Back 87

1. bipolar neurons
2. cell bodies in the vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's ganglion)

Front 88

Receptors in the Organ of Corti; neuron type and cell body location?

Back 88

1. bipolar neurons
2. cell bodies in the cochlear ganglion (spiral ganglion)

Front 89

Major nerve of the ITF?

Back 89

V3-mandibular

Front 90

Components of V3?

Back 90

1. Sensory root
2. Smaller motor root

Front 91

MCF dura mater

Back 91

meningeal branch of V3

Front 92

medial pterygoid muscle

Back 92

V3

Front 93

Anterior and Posterior deep temporal nerves

Back 93

V3

Front 94

Masseteric nerve

Back 94

V3

Front 95

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Back 95

V3

Front 96

Buccal branch of trigeminal

Back 96

V3

Front 97

Twigs from the main trunk of V3

Back 97

1. meningeal branch
2. nerve to medial pterygoid
3. nerve to tensor veli palatini
4. nerve to tensor tympani

Front 98

Branches from the anterior division of V3

Back 98

1. deep temporal nerves (anterior and posterior)
2. masseteric nerve
3. nerve to lateral pterygoid
4. buccal nerve (sensory)

Front 99

Branches from the posterior division of V3

Back 99

1. lingual nerve
2. inferior alveolar nerve
2b. nerve to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
3. auriculotemporal

Front 100

What nerve carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (efferents) to the submandibular ganglion?

Back 100

chorda tympani-CN VII-Facial

Front 101

The chorda tympani carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers (efferents) to what ganglion?

Back 101

submandibular

Front 102

Posterior superior alveolar nerves

Back 102

V2

Front 103

Upper molar teeth and related gingivae

Back 103

Posterior superior alveolar nerves from V2

Front 104

Relay point for the preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the lesser petrosal nerve-CN IX-Glossopharyngeal.

Back 104

Otic ganglion

Front 105

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion travel with the auriculotemporal (V3) to...

Back 105

parotid gland

Front 106

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the otic ganglion travel with what nerve to reach the parotid gland?

Back 106

auriculotemporal (V3)

Front 107

Postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from what ganglion travel with auricultemporal (V3) to reach the parotid gland?

Back 107

otic ganglion

Front 108

TMJ

Back 108

Auriculotemporal nerve (V3)

Front 109

Sensory ganglion of CN V?

Back 109

Trigeminal ganglion (semilunar/Gasserian)

Front 110

Sensory ganglion of CN VII?

Back 110

Geniculate ganglion

Front 111

Sensory ganglion of CN VIII?

Back 111

Cochlear ganglion (spiral)
Vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's)

Front 112

Sensory ganglion of CN IX?

Back 112

1. Superior ganglion of IX (jugular ganglion of IX)
2. Inferior ganglion of IX (petrous ganglion)

Front 113

Sensory ganglion of CN X?

Back 113

1. Superior ganglion of X (jugular ganglion of X)
2. Inferior ganglion of X (nodose ganglion)

Front 114

Ciliary ganglion

Back 114

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN III synapse on neurons in the ciliary ganglion

Front 115

Pterygopalatine ganglion

Back 115

(sphenopalatine ganglion) preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN VII synapse on neurons in the pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 116

Submandibular ganglion

Back 116

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN VII synapse on neurons in the submandibular ganglion

Front 117

Otic ganglion

Back 117

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers associated with CN IX synapse on neurons in the otic ganglion

Front 118

Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers carried in what cranial nerve synapse on two different parasympathetic ganglia in the head?

Back 118

CN VII-Facial

Front 119

Purely sensory cranial nerves

Back 119

I, II, VIII

Front 120

Mainly motor cranial nerves

Back 120

III, IV, VI, XI, XII

Front 121

Mixed cranial nerves

Back 121

V, VII, IX, X

Front 122

Special sensory cranial nerves

Back 122

I, II, VIII

Front 123

Nasociliary nerve route relative to superior oblique and medial rectus

Back 123

The nasociliary nerve passes medially between the superior oblique and medial rectus

Front 124

Sympathetic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle of the iris are carried by...

Back 124

Long ciliary nerves from the nasociliary nerve of V1 carry sympathetiic fibers to the dilator pupillae muscle of theirs and also carry sensory fibers from the cornea.

Front 125

Sensory innervation to the sphenoidal sinuses

Back 125

Posterior ethmoid branch of nasociliary (V1)

Front 126

Sensory innervation to the middle and anterior ethmoid sinuses

Back 126

Anterior ethmoid branch of nasociliary (V1)

Front 127

Sensory innervation to the posterior ethmoid

Back 127

Posterior ethmoid branch of nasociliary (V1)

Front 128

Taste and somatic sensation to posterior 1/3 of tongue

Back 128

CN IX-Glossopharyngeal