Infxs Cvt Xv Sc 9

Front 1

What are the two most common species of bartonella worldwide

Back 1

a. B. henselae, B. vinsonii berkhoffi
2

Front 2

Which cells are the cells most often infected by bartonella

Back 2

a. Endothelial cells or CD4+ progenitor cells in bone marrow;can also infected dendritic cells, microglial cells, monocytes, and macrophages
3

Front 3

What two virulence factors aid Bartonella

Back 3

a. Adhesins, and type IV secretion system
4

Front 4

What effect does type IV secretion system have on target host cell

Back 4

a. Transport DNA and effector proteins to the host cell and cause inhibition of host cell apoptosis, bacterial persistence in erythrocytes, and endothelial sprouting
5

Front 5

Endocarditis favors which heart valve in what kind of dogs

Back 5

a. Aortic valve in large breed dogs
6

Front 6

What neurologic symptoms can infected animals show

Back 6

a. Depression, insomnia, mood swings, memory loss, incoordination, muscle spasms, seizures, hallucinations,
7

Front 7

What labwork abnormality was significantly associated with bartonella infections in sick dogs

Back 7

a. Hypoproteinemia
8

Front 8

What type of anemia is present in dogs with bartonella and what tests are commonly positive

Back 8

a. Regenerative anemia and positive Coomb’s and ANA
9

Front 9

Why is PCR testing generally not helpful in confirming diagnosis in dogs

Back 9

a. Maintain low level of parasitemia so PCR can be falsely negative
10

Front 10

Why is ELISA or IFA testing also not always helpful

Back 10

a. If antibody response to an infecting strain is not tested, can get a false-negative result
11

Front 11

Which novel testing option has been shown to enhance detection to up to 50%

Back 11

a. Insect based cell media-> Bartonella alpha-Proteobacteria Growth Medium (BAPGM) allowing organism to grow in mammalian or insect agar and then PCR testing is done to sequence the organism
12

Front 12

What two antibiotics have been shown to be most beneficial in dogs

Back 12

a. Used to be azithromycin but increased resistance now. Recommend doxycycline as monotherapy or in combination to azithromycijn
However, for acute or life threatening infections, use of fluoroquinolone and doxycycline with an aminoglycoside is recommended during initial management
14

Front 13

What has been shown more recently to be an effective therapy in cats

Back 13

a. Pradofloxacin
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Front 14

What conditions in human medicine is bartonellosis associated with

Back 14

a. Cat-scratch fever, bacillary angiomatosis, bacillary peliosis, relapsing fever with bacteremia, meningitis, encephalitis, neuroretinitis, endocarditis
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Front 15

Which bartonella organism is the only species not considered to be zoonotic from cats

Back 15

a. B. Quintana
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Front 16

What is the mode of infection from centocephalides felis felis

Back 16

a. Transmission of flea feces NOT SALIVA
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Front 17

Histopathological examination of infected cats with Bartonella would reveal what

Back 17

a. Hyperplasia of lymphoid organs, small foci of lymphocytic, pyogranulomatous or neutrophilic inflammation of multiple tissues and small foci of necrosis in the liver or spleen
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Front 18

What ocular condition has bartonella been associated with in cats

Back 18

a. Uveitis
20

Front 19

What other conditions have been associated with bartonellosis

Back 19

a. Gingivitis, stomatitis, lymphadenopathy, urinary tract disorders, and Hyperglobulinemia
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Front 20

What is the best way to test for bartonellosis in cats

Back 20

a. Serologic testing combined with blood culture or PCR
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Front 21

Which is better (stronger) for serologic testing, positive predictive value or negative predictive value

Back 21

a. Negative predictive value (89-97%)
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Front 22

Which antibiotic according to CVT should not be used alone because of growing resistance

Back 22

a. Rifampin
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Front 23

What is not the best first choice for treating feline bartonellosis

Back 23

a. Azithromycin
25

Front 24

Which class of antibiotics has been shown to be bactericidal for Bartonella

Back 24

a. Aminoglycosides
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Front 25

What is the preferred first line treatment for ill cats with bartonellosis

Back 25

a. Doxycycline
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Front 26

What is expressed by borrelia burgdorferi in order to pass into a new host after the tick attaches for 2-4 days

Back 26

a. Osp-A (outer surface protein)
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Front 27

How does Lyme disease evade host immunity

Back 27

a. Lives near collagen and fibroblasts, not circulating in blood of fluids
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Front 28

What is the least common type of Sequelae from Lyme disease that affects labs and golden retrievers most commonly>

Back 28

a. Lyme nephritis
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Front 29

What are the histopathological changes seen in dogs with lyme nephritis

Back 29

a. Immune-mediated: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (IMGN), diffuse tubular necrosis and regeneration, and lymphoplasmacytic interstitial nephritis
31

Front 30

Dogs with lyme nephritis have what biochemical and clinical manifestations

Back 30

a. Primary glomerular lesions and secondary tubular involvement: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia, ascites or effusions, thromboembolic events, hypertension, glucosuria, mild to moderate thrombocytopenia
32

Front 31

Which serologic test is used most commonly to diagnose natural exposure

Back 31

a. C6 peptide antibody test (Lyme c6 quant, SNAP 3DX or 4DX)
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Front 32

Which part of the organism is detected

Back 32

a. VLsE antigen
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Front 33

If lyme disease is suspected of causing clinical signs, what is recommended to do test wise

Back 33

a. Compare pretreatment and posttreatment C6Quant levels and if declines by 50% or falls below 30 may indicate possible clearance
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Front 34

What is the disadvantage of the IFA or ELISA tests

Back 34

a. Do not distinguish the vaccine from infection and may also cross react with other spirochetes
36

Front 35

What tests are recommended for renal biopsies

Back 35

a. Immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, and thin section light microscopy
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Front 36

What is the standard treatment recommendations for a dog with Lyme disease

Back 36

a. Do not treat healthy, nonproteinuric dogs. Dogs that are suspected of having clinical disease should be treated with 30 days of doxycycline
38

Front 37

What other treatments are sometimes recommended for dogs with lyme nephritis

Back 37

a. Standard therapy for PLN –inhibition of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor such as benazepril or Enalapril (preferentially dilates the efferent artery over the afferent to reduce filtration pressure; calcium channel blockers for hypertension and antithrombotic dose of aspirin
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Front 38

Which immunosuppressive drugs are recommended for dogs with IMGN

Back 38

a. Mycophenolate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, chlorambucil
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Front 39

When is it recommended to vaccinate a dog with the lyme vaccine

Back 39

a. Dogs that are at risk in endemic regions, controversial if it can potentially exacerbate lyme
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Front 40

Name the three retroviruses in cats and what type of virus they belong to

Back 40

a. Feline syncytium-forming virus is a spumavirus (not virulent)
b. Feline immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus
c. Feline leukemia virus is an oncornavirus (most pathogenic)
42

Front 41

FIV is transmitted how between cats

Back 41

a. Biting and fighting, therefore not introducing new cats and spaying and neutering is recommended
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Front 42

Is FIV vaccination recommended

Back 42

a. Not really- can be considered if the positive cat is positive on PCR if not, then not recommended to do the vaccine, can’t distinguish between vaccine and natural infection and there is uncertain crossprotection of the vaccine and subtypes of the virus
44

Front 43

Should felv negative cats be vaccinated if there are felv + cats in the household

Back 43

a. yes, although cannot guarantee that the vaccine will prevent infection, there is an approximate 15% chance that cats will become infected in the household
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Front 44

Should cats with felv or FIV be vaccinated with core vaccines

Back 44

a. Felv cats should be but FIV cats should not be
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Front 45

Which drug has been shown to cause bone marrow suppression and therefore should be avoided in FIV + cats

Back 45

a. Griseofulvin; GCC should be avoided in FIV + cats with stomatitis
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Front 46

What should also be avoided in FIV cats that have bone marrow suppression

Back 46

a. G-CSF because can promote viral replication
48

Front 47

Which recombinant product has been shown to be safe and or helpful in anemic cats with felv/FIV

Back 47

a. rHuEPO