Infectious Diseases Test

Front 1

a disease-causing agent that can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoan.

Back 1

pathogen

Front 2

the organism that provides nourishment and habitat for the disease agent.

Back 2

host

Front 3

What term is used to describe the infection of a large portion of the population on a global level?

Back 3

pandemic

Front 4

This type of infection is intracellular.

Back 4

viral

Front 5

a non-living or harmless form of a pathogen is injected to prompt the body to produce antibodies

Back 5

vaccine

Front 6

These are selectively effective against bacteria, but are not effective against viruses.

Back 6

antibiotics

Front 7

Those members of a population who are not at risk of acquiring a disease when exposed. The basis for this resistance is usually genetic.

Back 7

immune

Front 8

The type of response which targets only a single or very limited range of pathogens.

Back 8

specific response

Front 9

This term describes the relative ease that a pathogen can be spread from an infected individual to a non-infected individual.

Back 9

contagious

Front 10

The type of response which inhibits or protects against all invaders.

Back 10

non-specific responce

Front 11

The term used to describe the increase in new cases of a disease in a given human population, for a given time, at one location.

Back 11

outbreak

Front 12

This type of infection is extracellular.

Back 12

bacterial

Front 13

This is an example of a non-specific response.

Back 13

skin

Front 14

The abbreviation for the type of blood cells which engulf invading pathogens.

Back 14

WBC (white blood cells)

Front 15

Those members of a population who are at risk of acquiring a disease when exposed.

Back 15

susceptible

Front 16

______ _____ are a major cause of human suffering and death.

Back 16

Infectious diseases

Front 17

Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease.

Back 17

pathogen

Front 18

Results when a pathogen invades and begins to grow within a host.

Back 18

infection

Front 19

An infectious agent that causes disease in virtually any susceptible host.

Back 19

true pathogen

Front 20

Potentially infectious agents that rarely cause disease in individuals with healthy immune systems.

Back 20

opportunistic pathogens

Front 21

Results only if and when tissue function is impaired from the invasion and growth of a pathogen.

Back 21

disease

Front 22

Genetic or metabolic diseases are ...

Back 22

inherited or caused by an abnormality.

Front 23

_____ diseases are caused by invasions of hosts by agents whose activities harm the host's tissue.

Back 23

Infectious

Front 24

Entrance to the host typically occurs through the...

Back 24

mouth, eyes, genital openings, or through wounds breaching the skin barrier to pathogens.

Front 25

Unicellular with no organized internal membranous structures.

Back 25

bacteria

Front 26

Bacteria reproduce by growing and dividing into 2 cells in a process called _______ _______.

Back 26

binary fission

Front 27

Bacillus bacteria are _______.

Back 27

rod shaped

Front 28

Coccus bacteria are _______.

Back 28

spherical

Front 29

Spirillum bacteria are ________.

Back 29

helical rods (spiral)

Front 30

Energy sources for bacteria are ...

Back 30

photosynthetic, oxidized inorganic compounds, and breaking down organic compounds.

Front 31

These are not organisms and apart from host cells they have no metabolism and can't reproduce.

Back 31

viruses

Front 32

Conditions that affect bacteria growth:

Back 32

food, moisture, temperature, oxygen, light, living or dead matter

Front 33

Viruses are classified by ...

Back 33

shape, size, and type of genome

Front 34

These reproduce primarily by forming spores. Most are multicellular but some are unicellular.

Back 34

Fungi

Front 35

_____ and ______ fill the role of decomposers.

Back 35

bacteria and fungi

Front 36

____ are unicellular and do not have cell walls so they are capable of a variety of rapid and flexible movements.

Back 36

protozoa

Front 37

Simple, invertebrate animals, some of which are infectious parasites.

Back 37

helminths

Front 38

Degenerative disorders of CNS caused by infectious particles that consist only of proteins.

Back 38

prions

Front 39

Study of occurrence of disease in populations.

Back 39

epidemiology

Front 40

Site where infectious agent survives. Animals serve as these for diseases that infect humans.

Back 40

disease reservoirs

Front 41

true or false- There are non-living reservoirs.

Back 41

true

Front 42

_____ contact- infected by contact with reservoir (touching an infected person, ingesting infected meat, being bitten by infected animal/insect)

Back 42

direct contact

Front 43

When a pathogen can withstand the environment outside its host for a long period of time before infecting another individual.

Back 43

indirect contact

Front 44

When a disease is passed from person to person in a group.

Back 44

horizontal transmission

Front 45

When a disease is transmitted from parent to child during process of reproduction, fetal development, or birth.

Back 45

vertical transmission

Front 46

Body's primary defense against disease.

Back 46

nonspecific mechanisms

Front 47

Nasal opening to respiratory system, skull and vertebral column, and skin are _______.

Back 47

anatomical barriers

Front 48

These protect natural openings

Back 48

physiological deterrents

Front 49

Organisms that survive and grow on the skin and in the mouth, GI tract and other areas of the body.

Back 49

normal flora

Front 50

True or false- Normal flora are organisms that cause disease.

Back 50

false

Front 51

When a host encounters an antigen that triggers a specific immune response for the second or later time, the memory lymphocytes recognize it and quickly begin growing and dividing.

Back 51

immunity

Front 52

This results of having had and recovered from a disease.

Back 52

natural acquired immunity

Front 53

This comes from being vaccinated.

Back 53

artificial acquired immunity

Front 54

Many pathogens that cause GI diseases are transmitted through ___.

Back 54

water

Front 55

During ________, solid matter(sludge) is separated from the liquid portion(effluent).

Back 55

sewage treatment

Front 56

The U.S. has many standards, inspection plans, and regulations about ____ preparation, handling, and distribution.

Back 56

food

Front 57

Since animals are carriers of many diseases that also affect humans, these are in place.

Back 57

animal control programs

Front 58

These mandate that children be vaccinated prior to attending school.

Back 58

vaccination programs

Front 59

These are used to block vector-borne diseases like those carried by mosquitoes.

Back 59

pesticides

Front 60

These enforce regulations and provide public health services.

Back 60

public health organizations

Front 61

This supports health related research aimed at understanding, preventing, treating, and controlling infectious and other diseases.

Back 61

national institutes of health (NIH)

Front 62

This investigates disease outbreaks, publishes a summary of current epidemiological reports, and sponsors a variety of educational programs.

Back 62

center for disease control

Front 63

Monitors the safety of food, medicines, and many other daily used products.

Back 63

food and drug administration

Front 64

Provides international surveillance and control of disease. Coordinates multinational vaccination campaigns.

Back 64

World health organization (WHO)

Front 65

Used to treat TB

Back 65

rifampin

Front 66

Interferes with certain layers of the cell wall.

Back 66

penicillin

Front 67

The use of standard precautions- designed to reduce transmission from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in healthcare facilities, and are recommended for all patients receiving care, regardless of diagnosis or infection status.

Back 67

isolation practices

Front 68

Infection control practices should be followed unless number of patients is too large to allow routine triage and isolation strategies.

Back 68

patient placement

Front 69

_______-Most infections associated with bioterrorism agents can't be transmitted from patient to patient.

Back 69

patient transport

Front 70

Ideally, infected patients will not be discharged until deemed noninfectious.

Back 70

discharge management

Front 71

Pathology departments and clinical labs should be informed of a potentially infectious outbreak prior to submitting any specimens for examination or disposal.

Back 71

post mortem care

Front 72

Name the six different pathogens.

Back 72

bacteria, virus, protozoa, helminths, fungi, and prions.

Front 73

Results when a pathogen invades & begins growing within a host.

Back 73

infection

Front 74

Results only if & and when tissue function is impaired from the invasion & growth of a pathogen.

Back 74

disease

Front 75

The cell wall of a pathogen determines if it is Gram ______ or ______.

Back 75

negative or positive

Front 76

Reproduce primarily by forming spores.

Back 76

fungi

Front 77

infectious agents are either transmitted by ______ or _______ contact.

Back 77

indirect or direct

Front 78

A blanket of body warmed air that encompasses the upper portion of the body. (contains skin cells & bacteria)

Back 78

body plume

Front 79

The ______ for _______ ______ and Prevention investigates disease outbreaks.

Back 79

Center for Disease Control

Front 80

the body's first line of defense.

Back 80

skin

Front 81

What affects the growth of pathogens?

Back 81

temperature, light, moisture, food, living or dead matter, and oxygen