Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Name and describe the two states of fungi |
Yeast: grow as single cells Moulds: grow as hyphae (long filaments) |
|
|
White patches on the tongue: what are their name and causative microorganism? |
Thrush
Candida albicans |
|
|
What organism causes athlete's foot? |
Tinea pedis |
|
|
What fungal infection is commonly seen in patients with AIDS. |
Pneumocystis pneumonia |
|
|
Treatment of fungal infections and mechanism of action |
Azole: inhibits synthesis of ergosterol (found only in fungal wall) |
|
|
Are fungi prokaryotes or eukaryotes? |
Eukaryotes |
|
|
What type of infection is ringworm? |
Fungi (not parasite) |
|
|
What organism causes ringworm? |
Tinea corporis |
|
|
Name and describe the two forms of parasites |
Protozoa: single cell Helminths: multicellular |
|
|
What organism causes malaria? |
Plasmodium falciparum Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale Plasmodium malariae |
|
|
Name 4 symptoms of malaria |
Cyclical fevers Diarrhoea Vomiting Headache |
|
|
How could be the blood pH in a patient with malaria? Why? |
Lactic acidosis due to breakdown of RBC
|
|
|
Vector of malaria |
Anapheles mosquito |
|
|
Outline the life cycle of Plasmodium |
1. Mosquito bites injecting infected saliva 2. Parasites travels to the liver 3. Asexual division in hepatocytes over 2 weeks 4. Hepatocytes rupture 5. Infection of RBC 6a. Multiplication in RBC 7a. RBC rupture, releasing toxins 6b. Become male or female gametocyte 7b. Reabsorbed by mosquito 8b. Sexual reproduction in mosquito's gut |
|
|
What species of Plasmodium may lead to recurrent infections?
|
Plasmodium vivax Plasmodium ovale |
|
|
Three ways by which Plasmodium evades the immune system |
1. Hides in RBC 2. Causes RBC to adhere to blood vessels preventing removal by spleen 3. Antigenic variation |
|
|
Name 4 prevention strategies against malaria and give a concrete example of each. |
A. Larva control: cover stagnant water with oil B. Mosquito control: insecticide-treated bed nets C. Insect repellent: DEET D. Chemoprophylaxis: malarone |
|
|
Three symptoms of Lesihmaniasis |
Necrosis and ulceration at bite site Fever Diarrhoea Darkening of hands and face |
|
|
Vector of Leishmania |
Sandflies |
|
|
Outline Leishmania life cycle |
1. Sandfly bites and inject the parasite
2. Leishmania invades macrophages, neutrophils, DC, and fibroblasts 3. Parasites replicate in vacuole of macrophages 4. Vacuole and plasma membrane burst 5. Free parasites invade other macrophages or are sucked by sandflies |
|
|
What disease can be transmitted by sandflies? |
Leishmaniasis
|
|
|
What disease can be transmitted by tsetse flies? |
Sleeping thickness by Trypanosoma brucei |
|
|
Outline the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei |
1. Tsetse fly bites releasing the parasite 2. Parasite matures and replicates in blood, lymph, and CSF 3. Parasites get reabsorbed |
|
|
Name one way by which Trypanosoma brucei evades the immune system |
Antigenic variation of glycoprotein coat |
|
|
What pathogen causes chagas disease? |
Trypanosoma cruzi |
|
|
What disease does Trypanosoma cruzi cause? |
chagas disease |
|
|
What is the vector of Trypanosoma cruzi? |
Kissing bug |
|
|
Name four cells invaded by Trypanosoma cruzi |
Macrophages Muscle cells Epithelial cells Neurons |
