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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the key features of inflammation (In latin and english)
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Dolor = Pain
Calor = Heat Rubor = redness Tumor = Swelling Functio lasea = Loss of function |
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What is the main pathogen that infects joints and who is the first responder?
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Staph. aureus
Neutrophil |
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How does S. aureus cause damage
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Secreted enzymes toxins
Rapid reproduction Tissue destruction |
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What is the link between infection and inflammation?
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Bacteria release toxins and cause tissue destriction that cause local cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and also stimulate neutrophil production and chemotaxis
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How does the neutrophil get to the site of infection?
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IL-8 Chemokine
IL-8R Receptor Tethering, rolling and extravasation (diapedisis) |
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What are PAMP receptors
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Receptors on immune cells that recognise 'Pathogen associated-molecular pattern'
Such as TLR-2 from S.aureus cell wall |
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How does a neutrophil fight bacteria?
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Primary granules: Cathepsin, BPI
Secondary granules: Lactoferrin Tertiary granules: Lysozyme ROS |
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What is the innate response to infection?
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Increase production of Neutrophils from Bone marrow
G-CSF Increase in number of circulating neutrophils |
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How does complement help neutrophils ingest bacteria?
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C3b coats bacteria
C3b receptor on Neutrophil encourages phagocytosis OPSONISATION Make things delicious |
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Moving on to the adaptive immune system, how do lymphocytes meet and greet?
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Leave the blood/tissue and enter the lymphatic system heading towards a lymph node
They then return to the blood via lymphatic vessels |
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Using a metaphor explain the purpose of a lymph node
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The arrivals section at an airport, taxi drivers ( B cells) are all huddles closely together seeking out one particular person (microbe). People pass through in one direction all day and often nothing happens.
But if the taxi driver spots his man, in fact his group of men he immediately gets help as he know he can't drive all these guys to their destinations. Other identical tax drivers arrive (proliferate) and leave the airport (via lymphatics) and go out into the big bright world (blood) |
