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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Chronic inflammation |
Prolonged non resolving Leads to loss of function Persistent inflammatory cells and mediators |
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Pattern-recognition receptors bind to |
Pathogen associated molecular patterns group o |
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Group of lectins that recognise carbohydrates on microbial surfaces |
Mannose R Scavenger R Glycan R |
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CR3 binds |
iC3b + LPS |
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CD14 binds |
LSP |
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What are toll-like receptors |
Family of signalling receptors Expressed by different cell types Recognise different pathogens Tailor innate immune responses to what and where |
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What switches on cytokines production |
TLR signalling |
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Systemic effects of IL-6 |
Fever Induces acute-phase protein production by hepatocytes |
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Local effects TNF-a |
Activated vascular endothelium and increases vascular permeability, which leads to increased entry of complement and cells to tissues and increased fluid drainage to lymph nodes |
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Systemic effects TNF-a |
Fever Mobilisation of metabolites Shock |
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Local effects of IL-1B |
Activated vascular endothelium Activated lymphocytes Local destruction Increases across of effector cells |
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Systemic effects of IL-1B |
Fever Production of IL-6 |
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CXCL8 |
Chemotactic factor recruits neutrophils and basophils to site of infection |
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Il-12 |
Activated NK cells |
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Neutrophils |
50 billion in healthy circulation 2 days |
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Where are a large store of mature neutrophils |
Bone marrow |
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What attracts neutrophils to the site of infection |
Products of inflammation |
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Are neutrophils adapted to work in oxygen |
Yes |
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How long does it take neutrophils to die |
Within hours of entering infected tissue and forms pus |
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What binds to blood vessels to increase vascular permeability |
Anaphylatoxins |
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Increased vascular permeability initiates |
Fluid leakage from blood vessels and extravasated blood of complement and other plasma proteins at the site of infection |
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Increased vascular permeability also initiates |
Migration of monocytes and neutrophils from the blood into tissue is increased Microbiocidal activates of macrophages and neutrophils is also increased |
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What activates mast cells |
C3a + C5a |
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Mast cells |
Resident in tissues and sub mucosa Release of vasoactive amines Release of cytokines Recruits Ab Complement Fluid Cells |
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Inflammatory mediators |
Cytokines Chemokines Complement Amine Lipid mediators |
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Neutrophils can recognise both |
Unopsonised and opsonised pathogens
Mm Mm Bbmmmj Bnnn. But. B b. |
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Differences between neutrophils and macrophages |
Greater diversity of diet than macrophages More antimicrobial weapons than macrophages |
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Azurophilic granules |
Fuse with phagosome Contains enzymes , antimicrobial, toxins |
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Chronic granulomatous disease |
Mutations in genes for NADPH No respiratory burst No PH change in phagosome Infections are not cleared and remain in localised nodulas |
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Effects that IL-1 and IL-6 and TNF-a have on the body |
Pyrogens raise temperature Reduce bacterial and virus growth EnhAnce adaptive immunity |
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Natural killer cells |
NK cells are the killers of innate immunity Large granular lymphocytes NK kill and make cytokines Activity increases 20-100 times on exposure to interferons NK provides an early response to virus infection until cytotoxic T cells are ready |
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NK cells can detect what changes in cell surface |
Infection Malignancy Trauma |
