Ies

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A tool use to assess the significant effects of a project or development proposal on the environment

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Environmental Impact Assessment

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Make sure the project decision makers think about the likely effect on the environment at the earliest possible time and aim to avoid, reduce or offset those effects.

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Environmental Impact Assessment

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This ensures that proposals are undestood properly before decisions are made.

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Environmental Impact Assessment

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Basic Principles of EIA

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Participation

Transparency

Security

Accountability

Credibility

Cost effectiveness

Flexibility

Practicality

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All interested parties should have full and timely access to the process

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Participation

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All evaluation decisions and the reasons for making the decisions must be open and acccessible

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Transparency

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The evaluation process and its results should guarantee the environmental protection at the lowest cost for society

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Cost effectiveness

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The evaluation process should be able to adapt and deal effectively with any proposal and newly occured situarion regarding the evaluation

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Flexibility

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Information and result provided in the evaluation process should ve easy to use in decision making and planning

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Practicability

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The evaluation process and the duratiom assessment should ve agreed in advance to be observed by all participants

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Security

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Decision makers have the responsibility to take the appropriate actions and decisions in assessment process

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Accountability

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The evaluation should be professionally and objectively implemented

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Credibility

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Is a process of evaluating likely the environmental impacts of proposed project, taking into account interrelated socio economic, cultural and human health impacts, boty beneficial and advance

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Environmental Impact Assessment

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The term __ applies to policies, program most often proposed by organization or state

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Strategic Environmental Assessment

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Objectives of EIA

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Ensure that environmental considerations are addressed properly

To Avoid, Minimize, balance adverse significant effects of development projects

To protect the productivity and capacity of natural systems and ecological processess with maintining their function

To promote development that is sustainable and optimize resource use

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The detailed Objectives of EIA are as follows:

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1.Identify Potential Impacts:

2. Predict and Assess Impacts:

3. Mitigation and Alternatives:

4. Stakeholder Engagement:

5. Decision Support:

6. Monitoring and Follow-up:

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EIA aims to identify and evaluate the potential environmental, social, and economic impacts that may result from a proposed project. This includes both direct and indirect impacts, as well as cumulative effects that can arise from multiple projects or activities.

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1.Identify Potential Impacts:

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EIA involves the prediction andassessment of the potential impacts by analyzing project details, site-specific conditions, and relevant data. It employs scientific and technical methods to forecast the likely consequences on various environmental components, such as air quality, water resources, ecosystems, biodiversity, and socio-economic factors.

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2. Predict and Assess Impacts:

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: EIA promotes the identification and evaluation of alternatives to the pr proposed project, including the no-action alternative. It also emphasizes the development and implementation on of minimize adverse impacts measures to mitigate or and enhance positive effects.

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3. Mitigation and Alternatives:

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EIA recognizes the importance of engaging and involving stakeholders throughout the assessment process. This includes the public, local communities, government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and experts. Public consultation and the consideration of stakeholder input are crucial to ensure transparency, participation, and accountability in decision-making.

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4. Stakeholder Engagement:

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EIA provides decision-makers withcomprehensive information on the potential impacts and mitigation measures associated with a proposed project. It assists in making informed decisions by weighing the environmental, social, and economic considerations and ensuring that the project aligns with sustainable development principles.

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5. Decision Support:

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EIA emphasizes the importance of monitoring the implementation and performance of the project during and after its completion. Monitoring helps verify the accuracy of predictions made during the assessment and ensures that mitigation measures are effectively implemented. Follow-up actions may be taken to address any unexpected impacts or to enhance the project's environmental performance EIA emphasizes the importance of monitoring the implementation and performance of the project during and after its completion. Monitoring helps verify the accuracy of predictions made during the assessment and ensures that mitigation measures are effectively implemented. Follow-up actions may be taken to address any unexpected impacts or to enhance the project's environmental performance

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6. Monitoring and Follow-up:

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Characteristics of Environmental Impact Assessment

An ideal EIA should have the following general characteristics:

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• Apply to all activities that have a significant environmental impact and address all the impacts that are expected to be significant.

• Compare alternatives to a proposed project (including the possibility of not developing the site), management, techniques, and mitigation measures.

• Clear EIS mentions the importance of impacts and their specific characteristics to experts as well as to non-expert in the field.

• Public participation and stringent administrative review procedure

• Be on time to provide information for decision-making and be enforceable.

• Including monitoring and feedback procedures.

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Detailed Characteristics of EIA

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1. Comprehensive Approach:

2. Predictive Analysis:

3. Stakeholder Engagement:

4. Cumulative Effects Assessment:

5. Alternatives Analysis:

6. Transparency and Documentation:

7. Mitigation and Monitoring:

8. Legal and Regulatory Framework:

9. Continuous Improvement

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EIA takes a holistic and systematic approach, considering the full range of potential environmental impacts, both positive and negative. It assesses impacts on various environmental components such as air, water, land, biodiversity, ecosystems, and socio-economic factors.

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Comprehensive Approach:

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ElA involves the prediction and estimation of potential impacts based on the analysis of project characteristics, site-specific conditions, and relevant data. It utilizes scientific and technical methods to forecast the likely consequences of proposed actions on the environment.

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2. Predictive Analysis:

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EIA encourages the active participation and involvement of stakeholders, including local communities, government agencies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and experts. It provides opportunities for public consultation, information sharing, and addressing concerns or suggestions related to the proposed project or activity.

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3. Stakeholder Engagement:

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EIA considers the cumulative effects of multiple projects or activities in a particular area over time. It assesses how the proposed project may interact with existing and future activities to cause cumulative impacts that are greater than the sum of individual impacts.

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4. Cumulative Effects Assessment:

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EIA evaluates a range of alternatives, including the no-action alternative, to compare the environmental consequences of different options. It aims to identify and promote environmentally sustainable alternatives and mitigation measures that minimize adverse impacts.

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5. Alternatives Analysis:

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EIA is a transparent process that involves clear documentation of the assessment methodology, findings, and recommendations. The documentation allows for scrutiny, review, and verification of the assessment process and outcomes

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6. Transparency and Documentation:

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EIA emphasizes the identification and implementation of mitigation measures to avoid, minimize, or offset potential adverse impacts. It also emphasizes the importance of monitoring the actual environmental performance of the project or activity during and after implementation.

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7. Mitigation and Monitoring:

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EIA is typically conducted within a legal and regulatory framework established by national or regional authorities. It ensures that the assessment process follows established guidelines and procedures, ensuring consistency and adherence to environmental protection standards.

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8. Legal and Regulatory Framework:

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EIA promotes a process of continuous learning and improvement. It incorporates feedback and lessons learned from past assessments to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of future assessments and decision-making processes.

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9. Continuous Improvement:

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BENEFITS OF EIA

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• The benefits of the EIA study and project itself must be seen from various sides, such as the government, investors and project owners, and the community.

• It is mandatory for any party to feel the benefits of an EIA study or project.

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The following are 4 benefits of EIA that need attention and can be seen from various aspects:

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1. EIA for the Government

2. EIA for Capital Owners

3. EIA for Project Owners

4. EIA for the Community

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are actually more related to policy formation. The government has higher authority than any party. Therefore, the benefit of having an EIA is to help prevent more severe environmental damage and pollution.

• In addition, the EIA project has benefits for the government; this project can be used as a form of government responsibility in preserving and protecting the environment. The ultimate goal remains the same, namely to avoid conflicts or disasters that will endanger the community.

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1. EIA for the Government

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____ here can be exemplified as a bank that holds power over the capital for entrepreneurs. It is easy to provide loan capital for a development or project.

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2. EIA for Capital Owners

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The EIA will be beneficial for the ____ because it will guarantee that project development will continue without having to violate the applicable laws and regulations.

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3. EIA for Project Owners

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• The last benefit is for the community or residents. Having an EIA is useful for the community to know about certain development plans. In addition, the community can also become supervisors of projects that are being implemented.

• The EIA for the community is useful so that the community is more attentive and aware of the development of various projects, for example, in the construction of a national park in which the community is obliged to take part in informing the developer so as not to disturb animal habitats and so on.

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4. EIA for the Community

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helps verify the accuracy of predictions made during the assessment and ensures that mitigation measures are effectively implemented.

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Monitoring

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may be taken to address any unexpected impacts or to enhance the project's environmental performance EIA emphasizes the importance of monitoring the implementation and performance of the project during and after its completion.

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Follow-up actions