Ielts Vocabulary (Job & Employment)

Front 1

extrinsic

Back 1

coming from outside

Hint 1

A combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors are vital for job satisfaction.

Front 2

perk

Back 2

sth that you get legally from your work in addition to your wages, such as goods, meals or a car

Hint 2

Income, housing, paid holiday, perks, bonus and other job benefits are main elements an employee will normally look into when evaluating whether a job is desirable or not.

Front 3

self-image

Back 3

the ideas that you have of yourself

Hint 3

People crave for a positive self-image and to have their contribution valued and appreciated.

Front 4

outlook (on sth)

Back 4

your general attitude to sth

Hint 4

The employees with a positive outlook on life are more likely to achieve higher job satisfaction, irrespective of the job.

Front 5

downsize

Back 5

reduce the number of staff

Hint 5

The airline has downsized its workforce by 30%.

Front 6

redundant

Back 6

An employee who is made redundant is no longer needed by his employer and is out of his job

Hint 6

The remaining 50% were made redundant.

Front 7

job-hopping

Back 7

leaving your current employer for another employment opportunity

Hint 7

These days, job-hopping has practically become a way of life. Gone is the idea of spending four decades at one company.

Front 8

way of life

Back 8

the habits, customs and beliefs typical of a person/group of people

Hint 8

the rural way of life

Front 9

jobholder

Back 9

a person who has a regular or steady job

Hint 9

The most important reason behind a jobholder's motive for a new job is that he cannot make the best of his abilities in his current job.

Front 10

job/career prospect

Back 10

chances for future success in your job

Hint 10

Your career prospects are better if you have a degree.

Front 11

keen competition

Back 11

a situation in which people compete strongly

Hint 11

Job-hopping assists one to survive the keen competition in the labor market.

Front 12

in the face of

Back 12

despite; in spite of

Hint 12

She left home in the face of strong opposition from her parents.

Front 13

labor market

Back 13

the availability of employment and labor

Hint 13

More women are being encouraged into the labor market these days.

Front 14

stable job

Back 14

a job that you do not change for a long time; antonym: vulnerable job

Hint 14

People are living in a fast-changing world and a once stable job is now vulnerable.

Front 15

complacent

Back 15

feeling so satisfied with your own abilities or situation that you feel you do not need to try any harder (has a negative connotation)

Hint 15

We cannot afford to become complacent about any of our products.

Front 16

take the initiative

Back 16

If you take the initiative, you are in a position to control and decide what to do next

Hint 16

By comparison, taking the initiative to obtain a better job can drive people to increase skills and thereby improving the chance of continued employment.

Front 17

by/in comparison with

Back 17

compared to

Hint 17

By/in comparison with the French, the British eat far less fish.

Front 18

drive sb to do sth

Back 18

to strongly influence sb to do sth

Hint 18

The detective wondered what had driven Christine to phone her.

Front 19

thereby

Back 19

as a result of that

Hint 19

He became a citizen in 1978, thereby gaining the right to vote. / He became a citizen in 1978 and thereby gained the right to vote. (Notice the grammar)

Front 20

1. economic

2. economical

Back 20

1. relating to economics or the economy

2. not using a lot of money, fuel, etc.

Hint 20

1. The government's economic policies have led us into the worst recession in years.

2. There is increasing demand on cars that are more economical on fuel.

Front 21

invaluable

Back 21

extremely useful; indispensable

Hint 21

Being able to stick to a budget is an invaluable skill in case of facing an economic crisis.

Front 22

work ethic

Back 22

a belief in the moral value and importance of work

Hint 22

If children develop a strong work ethic from an early age, then this should ensure that they have enough money when they reach retirement age.

Front 23

instill

Back 23

gradually but firmly establish an idea/attitude in a person's mind

Hint 23

They instilled work ethic in their children.

Front 24

manual job/occupation

Back 24

work that requires using your hands or physical strength rather than your mind

Hint 24

People in manual occupations have a lower life expectancy.

Front 25

entail

Back 25

to involve sth as a necessary part or result; need

Hint 25

Some foreign travel is entailed in the job.

A new computer system entails a lot of retraining.

Front 26

demanding

Back 26

needing a lot of ability, effort or skill

Hint 26

Being a nurse in a busy hospital is a demanding job - you don't get much free time.

Front 27

unsocial hours

Back 27

working hours that are unsual, such as night shifts or weekend shifts

Hint 27

Many hospital staff have to work unsocial hours.

Front 28

pay rise/pay raise

Back 28

an increase in the amount of money you are paid for doing your job

Hint 28

Some company directors award themselves huge pay rises.

Front 29

1.rise

2. raise

Back 29

1. to increase in amount; to go upwards

2. to increase an amount; to move or lift sth to a higher position

Hint 29

1. Sales rose by 20% over the Christmas period.

2. Many shops have raised their prices.

Front 30

well-being

Back 30

a feeling of being comfortable, healthy and happy

Hint 30

For the sake of employee well-being, legislation limiting the number of hours worked should be strictly enforced.

Front 31

legislation

Back 31

a law or set of laws

Hint 31

enforce/enact/introduce legislation

a PIECE of legislation

the legislation ON abortion

Both individuals and companies can be prosecuted UNDER the new legislation.

Front 32

labor (non-count)

Back 32

1. all the people who work for a company or in a country

2. work, esp. physical work

Hint 32

1. There is a local shortage of skilled labor.

2. Many women do hard manual labor.

Front 33

productivity

Back 33

work rate; a measure of the efficiency of a person, machine, factory, system, etc. in converting inputs into useful outputs

Hint 33

high/low productivity levels in manufacturing

raise/improve/increase productivity

Front 34

strain

Back 34

worry; stress

Hint 34

Despite generally better working conditions and higher pay, workers today seem to suffer more than ever from strain and stress-related illnesses.

The long working hours put a severe strain on employees.

I could see that she was beginning to crack/collapse under the strain.

Front 35

workload

Back 35

the amount of work that a person/organization has to do

Hint 35

Work-related stress stems partly from ever-increasing workloads.

Companies today demand that employees cope with heavier workloads while working to tighter and tighter deadlines.

Front 36

stem from sth

Back 36

to develop as a result of sth else

Hint 36

His headaches stemmed from vision problems.

Front 37

deadline

Back 37

a date/time by which you have to do/complete sth

have / work to / meet / miss / set / impose / extend...a deadline

a strict / tight deadline

Hint 37

He's working under pressure to meet the deadline of August 3rd.

Front 38

bankruptcy

Back 38

the state of being unable to pay your debts

Hint 38

Many state-operated companies had experienced difficulties and some faced bankruptcy.

Front 39

soar

Back 39

to increase quickly to a high level

Hint 39

The number of bankruptcies in the first half of the year soared by 60%.

Front 40

keep ahead in/at sth

Back 40

to make progress and be successful in your job, education, etc.

Hint 40

In order to keep ahead in business, companies need to invest in new technology.