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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Types of parasites & their descriptions
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Protozoa- single celled, cyto & organelles, mem-bound nucleus, motility
Helminths- multi-celled, differented tissue, organ systems |
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Describe Amoebae/Rhizopods and common manifestation
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Protozoa
GI- Entamoeba Histolytica Blood/Tissue- naegleria fowleri (meningoencephalitis) |
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Describe Flagellates
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Protozoa
GI- Trichomonas Vaginalis Blood/Tissue- Trypanosoma Brucei (african sleeping sickness) |
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Describe Sporozoa
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Protozoa
GI- cryptosporidium Blood/Tissue- Toxoplasma gondii (pneumonitis in immunosuppressed) |
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3 Types of Protozoa
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Amoeba
Flagellates Sporozoa |
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3 Types of Helminths
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Nematodes- round worms
Cestodes- tapeworms Trematodes- flukes |
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5 Helminths in human Disease
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Trichuris Truchiura- Nematode- mebendazole
Taenia Saginata & Solium- Cestode- Praziquantes Enterobius Vermicularis-nematode- Mebendazole Ascarius Lumbricoides-Nematode- Pryantel Strongyloides- nematode- Thiabendazole |
TASTE
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Life Cycle/transmission of Trichuris Truchiura
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"whip worm"
egg in soil/ingest/worm in cecum/poop out eggs |
prolapsed rectum
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Symptoms of Trichuris Truchiura
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often asymptomatic
rectal prolapse Dx by eggs in stool |
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Treatment of Trichuris Truchirua
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Mebendazole
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Life Cycle/Transmission Taenia Saginata, Solium
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Saginata in beef
Solium in pork ingest larvae (in cyst)in undercooked meat adult attaches & lives in small intestine infected human poops out eggs that cause Cysticercosis (fecal/oral transmission) |
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Characteristics of Cestodes
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Tape worm
Segmented Scolex (head) Proglottid (reproductive organs- both male & female) definitive host harbors adult worm intermediate host does not |
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Symptoms of Taenia Saginata/Solium
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abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss
can obstruct appendix, pancreatic duct, biliary duct dx: eggs or proglottids in stool |
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Treatment of Taenia Sag/Sol
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Praziquantel (or niclosamide)
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Symptoms of Cysticercosis
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(human as intermediate host)
granulomatous reaction in brain, muscle, etc Dx: biopsy, CT |
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Lifecycle/Transmission of Enterobius Vermicularis
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"pinworm"
equal prevalance in developed & developing nations human to human only eggs hatch into sheets |
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characteristics of nematodes
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roundworm, not segmented, outer proteinaceous cuticle
treat w/mebendazole |
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Symptoms of Enterobius Vermicularis
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Perianal Puritus
anerexia, pain Dx: eggs on cellophane tape |
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Treatment of Enterobius Vermicularis
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Mebendazole
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Lifecycle/Transmission Ascarius Lumbricoides
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"roundworm"
egg in dirt, ingest, gut, burrow to blood, lung, cough & swallow, eggs passed in feces |
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Symptoms of Ascarius Lumbricoides
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often asymptomatic
maybe pneumonia w/eosinophilia abdominal pain/obstruction Dx: eggs in stool |
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Treatment of Ascarius Lumbricoides
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Pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole
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Lifecycle/transmission of Strongyloides
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"threadworm"
direct penetration of skin (falariform larvae), travel blood to lung, cough & swallow, Rabdiform larvae in poop AUTOINFECTION |
autoinfection
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which organism can autoinfect
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Strongyloides
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Rabdiform larvae is ...
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Strongyloides larvae transmitted in feces
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Cuneiform larvae is ...
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Strongyloides larvae that penetrates skin
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Symptoms of Strongyloides
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ASYMPTOMATIC unless immunosuppressed-
test before immunosuppression |
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Treatment of strongyloides
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Thiobendazole
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2 amoebae and their characteristics
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Entamoeba histolytica- bloody diarrhea (tx w/metronidazole)
Nagleria Fowleri- in warm springs, meningitis |
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4 flagelletes
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trichomonas vaginitis
trypanosoma Cruzi trypanosoma brucei giardia lamblia |
T,T,T,G
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Treatment for flagelletes
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metronadazole except brucei
(brucei gets Suramin or Melarsoprol if CNS) |
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Characteristics of Trypanosoma Cruzi
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Chagas Disease
"kissing bug" or "assasin bug" enter mucous membrane, invasion into lymph-MP, endocrine, myocardium & neural tissue (from scratching bite) |
bug poop
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Characteristics of Trypanosoma Brucei
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African Sleeping Sickness
tse tse fly CNS involvement & death (untreated) chancre, parasitiemia |
bug saliva
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3 sporozoa
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Malaria
Cryptosporidium Cyclosporidia |
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Lifecycle for malaria
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Sporozite from mosquito
schizonte in liver in blood "ring" trophozoite (then becomes schizonte or gametocyte-mosquito ingests) |
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Treatment for malaria
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chloroquine (most falciprum is resistant)
quinine, quinidine, mefloquine, pyrimethamine, artemisinin |
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Cryptosporidium characteristics
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oral-fecal-water (pools- chlorine doesn't kill)
traveler's diarrhea Lethal in AIDS |
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treatment for cryptosporidium
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none currently available
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Cyclosporidia characteristics
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oral-fecal-water
on raspberries, irrigation tx w/bactrim |
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4 Superficial Mycoses
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Pityriasis Versicolor from mallassezia furfur (body)
Tinea Nigra from Exophilia Wernickii (palms) Black Piedra from Piedraia Hortae (hair) White Piedra from trichosporon Beigeii (hair) |
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tinea cruris
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mycoses in groin, prerianal, perineal
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tinea unguium or onychomycosis
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nails
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sporotrichosis
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sporothrix schenckii
subcutaneous mycoses ubiquitous-plants,soil, organic matter- roses (rancher treated for sarcoid) |
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Eumycotic mycetoma
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feet or hands
suppurative granuloma w/mycotic grains ugly but painless |
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systemic mycoses
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all are dimorphic except cryptosporidium
Histo- Ohio Blasto- chicago's dz coccidio- San Joaquin Cryptococcus- pidgeon poop |
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Histoplasmosis
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mycoses in Ohio river valley
bat, chicken granulomatous inflammation intracellular yeast |
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Blastomycosis
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"chicago's dz"
broad based budding chronic cutaneous & osseous dz |
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Coccidiomycosis
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San Joaquin Valley
dissemination more likely in men, dark skin, pregnant females, immunosupression cultures are very contageous spherules in vivo |
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Cryptococcus
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encapsulated, monomorphic
pigeon droppings association w/leukemia, lymphoma & immunosuppressive tx |
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opportunistic mycoses
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candidiasis- nosocomial blood infections
aspergillosis zygomycosis pneumocystis Carnii- cholesterol instead of ergosterol- AIDS |
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