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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What were the 5 Italian states competing for dominance in the early Renaissance? |
Republic of Venice, Duchy of Milan, Republic of Florence, Papal States, and Kingdom of Naples |
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What were signori? |
Autocratic rulers who arose from prominent families |
Wealthy people |
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What where condottieri? |
Soldiers of Fortune who sold their expertise |
War |
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What was the peace of Lodi and when was it signed? |
Signed by Milan, Florence, and Venice, established balance of power signed in 1454 |
Treaty |
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What were grandi? |
Courts of the local rulers where men could discuss philosophical ideas |
Philosophy |
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What were the three phases Florence's political system went through? |
Republic to oligarchy to family rule |
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Who first created the Medici's wealth through banking and close financial ties to the papacy? |
Giovanni di bicci de' Medici |
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Who added to the Medici's wealth and was awarded the pater patriae? |
Cosimo Medici |
Fairly odd parents |
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Who was the Medici that was considered "the magnificent" and spent half of Florence's budget on books? |
Lorenzo Medici |
his brother Giuliano ruled until he was assassinated |
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Who was the family that were rivals to the medici's and assassinated Giuliano Medici? |
The Pazzi Family |
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Who was the Dominican monk that opposed the medici's and wanted to restore rebuplicanism? |
Fra Savonarola |
Fire-and-brimstone |
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Who invaded Italy in 1494 and what country were they from |
Charles VIII of France |
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Who were three of the most successful Pope's of the Renaissance? |
Nicholas V, Pius II, Sixtus IV, |
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What did Nicholas V, Pius II, and Sixtus IV accomplish? |
Nicholas V founded the Vatican library/continued rebuilding of Rome, Pius II attracted artists and intellectuals to Rome, Sixtus IV came from powerful family, practiced giving offices to relatives (nepotism)/constructed Sistine Chapel |
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What was the major trade city East of Italy that fell under Ottoman Turks and in what year did it collapse |
Constantinople, 1453 |
Today is called instanbul |
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Explain humanism |
Study of humanity/ language and literature, arts, music, philosophy |
What makes us human |
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Who was coluccio salutati and what did he do for Florence? |
The chancellor of Florence, founded and endowed many schools/ family life and public service should be ideals |
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Who was guarino and where was he from? |
Expressed the value of learning Latin and Greek/ emphasized importance of rhetoric he was from Venice |
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Who is Vittorino de feltre? |
Favored curriculum that exercised the body and mind, founded the happy house/ |
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Who is Leonardo Bruni |
Result of vittorinos program, Civic humanist, believed better education led to better community/ chief secretary of Florence and wrote the history of the flourentine people |
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Who is Lorenzo Valla? |
Result of vittorinos program, exposed the donation of Constantine as a fake from noting it's vocabulary and grammar could not date from the 4th century. |
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What was established by cosimo de Medici in 1462 that housed Plato's philosophies? |
Plutonic academy |
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Who was marsilio ficino and what did he do? |
Believed platonism came from god, revived the idea of free will, taught plutonic love/ he was the leader of the plutonic academy and translated Plato's work into Latin |
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Sandro botticelli |
Created paintings where divine love and beauty are represented by Venus, the goddess of love |
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Pico Della mirandola |
Student of ficino, had a wide knowledge of languages, knowledge, and arguments/ believed that all knowledge shares common truths and Christian's can benefit from reading non-christian texts/ created concept of self-worth |
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What illusion of depth in painting did Filippo Brunelleschi discover in 1425? |
Vanishing point |
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Who was Leone Battista Alberti? |
Published a treatise in 1435 that elaborated on mathematical aspects of painting, praised master painting and compared it to god's |
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What were the three column designs and who adopted these designs? |
Doric- Spartans/ basic, plain; Ionic-Athenians/ more elegant; Corinthian-Romans/especially elegant, beautiful |
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Who defeated Brunelleschi in a competition to create the north doors of Florence's baptisery? |
Lorenzo ghiberti |
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Masaccio |
Florence artist, Created the painting Holy Trinity using vanishing point |
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Donatello |
Revived freestanding figure, technique of contrapposto, created statue of David |
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Fra Angelico |
Dominican artist, blended biblical motifs and Renaissance space |
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Piero Della francesca |
Florence artist, created the flagellation, used vanishing point to show Christ's flagellation as in the background to philosophers in the forefront |
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Leonardo da vinci |
Secretly studied human cadavers, rejected classical values and relied on what the human eye could discover |
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What is chiaroscuro in painting? |
Use of dark and light contrast to create effect of modeling |
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Define sfumato in painting |
The softening of edges of surfaces with a fine haze |
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