Human Bio (Quiz 6)

Front 1

functions of skeletal system

Back 1

* provides support for soft organs
* protection of many organs
* joints provide flexible movement of many parts of the body
* mineral (calcium, phosphorus) storage
* bone marrow: synthesis of blood cells

Front 2

3 types of connective tissue in skeletal system

Back 2

bone, ligaments (dense fibrous connective tissue), and cartilage

Front 3

fn of cartilage

Back 3

support under pressure

Front 4

3 types of cartilage

Back 4

fibrocartilage (in between vertebrae), hyaline (in between joints), and elastic (flexible)

Front 5

spongy bone cells =

Back 5

trabeculae

Front 6

4 living cells associated with bones

Back 6

* chondroblasts => cartilage forming cells that build a “model” of bone
* osteoblasts => bone forming cells ; secrete organic material known as osteoid which forms collagen like frame work for calcium & phosphate to stick on to
* osteocytes => mature ; non-dividing ; maintain structure ; used to be osteoblasts ; connect to blood sources through canaliculi
* osteoclasts => bone erosion ; lots of lysosomes

Front 7

canaliculi

Back 7

canals for osteocytes to get bloody

Front 8

5 bone shapes

Back 8

long, short, irregular, sesamoid (provide leverage), flat

Front 9

5 [anatomy] components of a long bone

Back 9

diaphysis, 2 epiphysis, central cavity, spongy bone, compact bone

Front 10

periosteum

Back 10

connective tissue covering all bones

Front 11

osteon (or haversian system)

Back 11

toilet paper

Front 12

what do osteons surround?

Back 12

the central canal

Front 13

what type of blood canal moves horizontally through bones?

Back 13

transverse canal (canaliculi)

Front 14

4 steps of intramembranous ossification

Back 14

* 1) mesenchyme forms a membrane with osteoprogenitor cells
* 2) becomes vascularized
* 3) osteoprogenitor cells transform into osteoblasts
* 4) lay down osteoid which become mineralized

Front 15

2 types of bone generation/repair

Back 15

* intramembranous ossification (flat bone/skull)
* endochondral ossification (most long/short)

Front 16

7 steps of endochondral ossification

Back 16

* 1) cartilage model spreads from center to ends
* 2) blood vessel enters model at mid diaphysis
* 3) periosteum develops ; enlarges to produce a bone collar
* 4) primary ossification center forms (initial center of bone development)
* 5) grows in length from the diaphysis towards epiphyses
* 6) 2nd ossification centers appear in epiphysis ; bone growth toward diaphysis
* 7) epiphyseal plate remains between diaphysis and each epiphysis until bone growth in length is complete

Front 17

what are the 4 pieces of a baby's skull called?

Back 17

fontanels

Front 18

osteo =

Back 18

bone

Front 19

blast =

Back 19

generation

Front 20

clast =

Back 20

erosion/destruction

Front 21

2 hormones that regulate bone cells

Back 21

* parathyroid hormone (PTH) => PTH secretion increases when Ca++ levels are low ; stimulates osteoclasts and removes bone
* calcitonin => secretion increases when blood Calcium (Ca++) levels are high ; stimulates osteoblasts and adds bone

Front 22

what is artificial bone remodeling?

Back 22

osteoblasts deposit more bone where stress is applied

Front 23

3 types of muscle

Back 23

smooth (blood vessels and pus sies), skeletal, cardiac (heart)

Front 24

how many muscles in human body?

Back 24

600+

Front 25

5 muscles and fns

Back 25

* pectoralis major => flexion/rotation of humerus
* biceps brachii => supinate forearm & flex elbow
* rectus abdominus => flexion of lumbar spine
* external oblique => compress abdominal cavity
* trapezius
* deltoids