Human A&p Chapter 3 Cells

Front 1

The reproductive cells are referred to as ____________ cells.

Back 1

germline

Front 2

the male gametes

Back 2

spermatazoa
(singular, spermatazoan)

Front 3

the female gametes

Back 3

ova
(singlular, ovum)

Front 4

all non-germline cells

Back 4

somatic cells

Front 5

__________ - a large specialized structure within a cell that performs a specific function; analogous to an organ

Back 5

organelle

Front 6

____________ – the cell substance between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, containing the cytosol and organelles

Back 6

cytoplasm

Front 7

____________ - the fluid component of the cytoplasm

Back 7

cytosol

Front 8

The cytosol is also known as the _______________.

Back 8

intracellular fluid (ICF)

Front 9

the membrane that surrounds the cell

Back 9

plasma membrane

Front 10

___________ - stores most of the cell's DNA and coordinates the cell's activities by regulating the production of proteins

Back 10

the nucleus

Front 11

____________ - the site of ribosome assembly and RNA processing

Back 11

nucleolus

Front 12

Where is the nucleolus found?

Back 12

within the nucleus

Front 13

_________ - a double-stranded nucleic acid that stores encoded hereditary instructions for synthesizing proteins

Back 13

DNA

Front 14

_________ - a single-stranded nucleic acid that mediates the transfer of genetic information from the cell nucleus to ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.

Back 14

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Front 15

_________ - a sequence of nucleotides within a segment of DNA that provides the coded instructions for synthesizing a specific protein.

Back 15

gene

Front 16

____________- the process by which the genetic information encoded within a gene is copied as a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA)

Back 16

transcription

Front 17

Transcription is activated by binding of a ________________ to the promoter region of the gene.

Back 17

transcription factor

Front 18

______________ - the process by which the genetic information encoded in a molecule of messenger RNA is translated to protein

Back 18

translation

Front 19

Where in the cell does transcription occur?

Back 19

in the nucleus

Front 20

Where in the cell does translation occur?

Back 20

in the cytoplasm

Front 21

____________ - the cell's machinery for manufacturing protein

Back 21

ribosomes

Front 22

_____________ - the primary site in the cell for ATP production

Back 22

mitochondria

Front 23

______________ - a three dimensional network of interconnected closed membrane sacks and tubes continuous with the nuclear membrane

Back 23

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Front 24

_____________ - the part of the endoplasmic reticulum associated with fixed ribosomes

Back 24

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Front 25

_____________ - the site of protein synthesis for proteins destined for the endomembrane system or export from the cell

Back 25

rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Front 26

____________ - tubular shaped part of the endoplasmic reticulum not associated ribosomes

Back 26

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Front 27

The site of lipid synthesis in the cell.

Back 27

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Front 28

The site of glycogen synthesis and catabolism in muscle and liver cells.

Back 28

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Front 29

Which organelle, as part of the endomembrane system, modifies, sorts and separates proteins according to their destinations?

Back 29

Golgi apparatus

Front 30

__________ - lipid vesicles within the cell filled with digestive enzymes

Back 30

lysosomes

Front 31

The organelle that breaks down material taken from outside the cell by endocytosis.

Back 31

lysosomes

Front 32

__________ - an organized network of protein fibers within the cell that supports and reinforces the plasma membrane, determines and maintains cell shape, and gives cells mechanical strength to resist deformation

Back 32

cytoskeleton

Front 33

__________ - small finger-like projections that increase the surface area of the apical cell membrane of absorptive epithelium

Back 33

microvilli

Front 34

___________ - minute hair-like organelles extending from the surface of a certain epithelial cells that beat in rhythmic waves, moving fluid in one direction across the cell surface

Back 34

cilia

Front 35

___________ - a large barrel-like protein complex within the cytoplasm used to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins

Back 35

proteosome

Front 36

__________ - division of the cell nucleus

Back 36

mitosis

Front 37

__________ - division of the cell cytoplasm following mitosis. The final step in cell division.

Back 37

cytokinesis

Front 38

List the 3 protein fibers of the cytoskeleton.

Back 38

actin microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules