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36 Cards in this Set
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3150 BC 2000 BC 1600-1200 BC 1200-750/700 BC 753 BC 753-510 BC |
3150 BC- Narmer (Egypt's 1st Pharaoh) 2000 BC- Sargon Empire Collapses 1600-1200 BC- Mycenaen Civilization 1200-750/700 BC- Geometric 753 BC- Rome established 753-510 BC- Rome has warning w/... |
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750/700-480 BC- 560-480 BC 510-133 BC 480-323 BC 390 323-30 BC 133-30 BC |
750/700-480 BC- Archaic 560-480 BC 510-133 BC- Republic Starts 480-323 BC- Classical 390 323-30 BC- Hellenistic 133-30 BC- Fall of Republic |
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4BC-30AD 378 AD 455 476 500-1000- 529 |
4BC-30AD 378 AD- Battle of Adrianople 455- Vandals Sack Rome 476- End of Roman Empire 500-1000- Early Middle Ages 529 |
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570-632 768-814 100-1400 1054 1066 1096-1204 |
570-632- Mohammad's Life 768-814- Charlemagne 1000-1400- High Middle Ages 1054 1066- Norman Conquest of England 1096-1204- Crusades |
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Define: Almontry Calefactory Caliph Chivalry Common Law Cuneiform |
Almontry: were alms are distruibuted Calefactory: housed communal fire for monks Caliph: Moslem Successor Chivalry: religious moral and social code Common Law: unwritten law based off customs Cuneiform: wedged characters |
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Define: Didactic Domesday Book Elenchus Arch Epithet Frame Tale |
Didactic: letters intended to teach Domesday Book: William of Normandy's tax book Elenchus: Socratic inquiry Arch: Roman architecture Epithet: Adjective nickname Frame Tale: Stories within a story |
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Define: Hieroglyph Historia Humanism Ichthys Imam Islam |
Hieroglyph: Egyptian writing system Historia: Greek meaning "inquiry" or knowledge Humanism: Emphasis on Human Ichthys: 2 intersecting arches; "fish" Iman: Islamic prayer leader Islam: Submission |
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Define: Jihad Kenning Linear A,B Lord Minuscule |
Jihad: Struggle Kenning: Old English/Norse poetry with compound expressions Linear A,B: A(non decodable) B(early lang. used by Greeks) Lord: Top; Over Vassals Minuscule: Small print for writing Latin |
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Define: Mosque Madrasa Mullah Parable Philosophia |
Mosque: Moslem Church Madrasa: college for Islamic instruction Mullah: Moslem learned in theology and sacred law Parable: Moral Analogy Philosophia: Greek meaning love of wisdom |
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Define: People of the Book Pharaoh Polis Qadi Refectory |
People of the Book: Hebrews (Islamic Terms) Pharaoh: ruler of Egypt Polis: city state Qadi: judges/pub officials Refectory: Dining Hall |
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Define: Serf Sharia Theocracy Vessel Vizier |
Serf: slave; 90%; protected; step under vessels Sharia: Moslem reference of laws Theocracy: Priest rule in the name of God Vassal: Work for lord on land Vizier: Pharaoh's trustee; does all work |
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Mesopotamia: Geography, Code of Hammurabi, Social Structure |
Geographically: Fertile crescent; between Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Code of Hammurabi: 1st Babylonian Empire; 6th ruler named Hammurabi: 282 clauses on 7 ft stele; inequality; covers moral, social, and commercial obligations. Social Structure: Specialization in labor; 1)Priest 2)Soldiers 3)Farmer; |
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Judaism: Brief history; General characteristics of the religion |
Brief History: Abraham of Ur; convent w/ God; move to Egypt; become state slaves: Exodus; in desert; sort out religion Generalization on religion: monotheism, moral codes (ethical); exclusivity laws |
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Egypt: Geography; Social Order Artistic Conventions |
Geography: Nile (4000 miles); desert
Social Structure: fairly uniform religiously, politically & culturally; Powerful families have territories; Pharaoh ruler with Vizier; Women held power (brother sister marriage) Artistic Conventions: Cannon & Module for Human Form; conceptual oppose to perceptual; size = importance |
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Greece: Geography; Religion; Basics of Greek Art & Architecture |
Geographically: Islands and Peninsulas (Smaller than Maine); Mountainous Religion: Polytheism; Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, etc. Basis of Greek Art & Architecture: Classical; geometry created proportion and order thus channeling harmony; Module (chin to forehead 1/10 height); flexible unlike Egyptian; Symmetry; |
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Greece: Basis of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle |
Socrates: Absolute nature of truth and justice; ethical life belonging to larger set of universal truth and an unchanging moral order; virtue (condition of psyche) discovered through misleading argumentation Plato: Universal Forms that are unchanging Aristotle: Reality existed in objects of material world; Systematic classification (identifying all by unchanging nature) |
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Greece: Basis of Epicureanism (Epicurus), Stoicism (Epictetus), Skepticism (Sextus Empiricus), Cynicism (Diogenes) |
Skeptics: denying knowing anything; Cynics: Spiritual satisfaction if one renounced material wealth Epicureans: Happiness depended on avoiding all forms of physical excess Stoics: Doctrine of detachment; aim was bring will to harmony with nature; allowed them to accept worst news School placed good of self over community |
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Rome: Elements allowing Romans to hold Empire; Contributions of Diocletian and Constantine |
Originated Iron Age Latins Elements to hold Empire: Taxes, demanding military assistance, and slaves demands for slaves in new providence; Takes Italian Peninsula b/c control over sea. Diocletian: Divides empire into Eastern and Western with co-emperor Constantine: new taxes at economic attempt; Edict of Milan (313) toleration of all religions; made Byzantine "New Rome" |
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Rome: Architeture |
Roads: 50,000 miles of road Aquaducts: over 40 mil galloons a day, Pont du Gard Arch: Inspired by Etruscans; Barrel vault if many Theaters: orchestra (dancing circle), Skene (Stage Set or Dressing Room), Proscenium (Raised Stage next to Skene) Basilicas: Atrium,Narthex, Nave, Transept, Apse Circus Maximus: seated 200,000 Colosseum: 6 Acres and seats 50,000 Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns |
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Christianity: Generalization; Background (Greek Philosophy, Mystery Religions, Judaism |
Generalization: Living ethical life results in everlasting bliss in heaven with God, the Ultimate Background: Augury (interpreting omens), Stoicism (ethical life w/ equality) Neoplatonism (Plato's Form of Goodness); Mystery cults promising afterlife Resurrection (Isis in Egypt, Cybele in Phrygia, & Dionysus of Greece); Division from Judaism |
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Christianity: Origins, Texts, Spread, and Division |
Origins: Jesus of Nazereth born by Virgin Mary, dies by crucifixion (Pontius Pilate), resurrected, documentation 40 yrs after death Texts: Gospels (Good News) Spread: via apostles, but mostly Paul (wrote most of New Testaments); Failed in beginning b/c provoked polytheism but after Edict of Milan (313) it grew |
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Christianity: Jerome, Augustine; Basis of Christian Art, Architecture and symbolism |
Jerome: Translates Greek bible into Latin (Vulgate) Augustine: Confessions (autobiography of conversion); treatises on soul, free will, and meaning of evil; City of God Christian Art: Immortalized at "Good Shepherd"; Oran (praying figure); catacombs have earliest Christian Architecture: Hagia Sophia, San Vitale Symbolism: iconography; Alpha & Omega; chi rho; Matthew (Man), Mark (Lion), Luke (Bull) John (Eagle) |
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Buddhism: Life of Buddha; Spreading and Division |
Life of Buddha: Siddhartha Gautama left wealth and family for life of giving Spreading: Asoka forced spread division into Hinayana (promoting personal pursuit to nirvana; "Lesser Vehicle") and Mahayana (Buddha is divine with reincarnations; "Great Vehicle") |
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Buddhism: Philosophy |
Wheel of Law (Dharma) 4 Noble Truths: 1) Pain is universal 2) Desire is pain 3)Ceasing to desire relieves pain 4)right conduct leads to release from pain Eight fold Path |
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Buddhism: Art and Architecture |
Architecture: Strupas (ashes divided into 8 burial mounds; beehive-like mount of earth encased in brink or stone [symbolizing World, Mountain, dome of Heave and Womb of Universe]); Great Stupa of Sanchi surrounded by chatras (umbrella-like shapes symbolizing levels of human consciousness w/ chaitya halls like the basilica; pagoda (mulititierd tower) Art: States of seated Buddha with mudra (symbolic hand gesture); Maitreya Buddha right hand gestures reassurance |
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Islam: Muhammad, Origins, Spread, Division |
Muhammad is prophet form Islam meaning submission (followers called Muslims meaning those who submit) Origin: At age 40 Muhammad goes into desert where visited by Gabriel and giving recitation for Qur'an (Muslim bible) Spread: easy rules of conduct; easy conversion with no priest hierarchy, simple monotheism without Trinity Division: Sunni (majority) and Shi'ite (minority) |
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Islam: Qur'an and Five Pillars of Islam |
Qur'an: 114 suras (chapters) organized longest to shortest; each opens to bismillah (invocation); provides guidelines for worship and specific moral and social conduct; reveals nature of God and inevitability of judgement and resurrection 5 Pillars: 1)Shahadah: repetition of creed 2) Salat: 5xs daily prayer 3)Zakat: charity to poor 4)Sawm: Ramadan and fasting 5) Haj: Pilgrimage to Mecca |
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Islam: Intellectual & Scholarly Activity; House of Wisdom; General Literature features |
Intellect: Muslim philosophers compared theories of Aristotle and Neoplatonist with Islamic precepts; replaced roman numerals with "Arabic numbers"; original contributions of math, medicine, optics, chemistry, geography, philosophy and astronomy Islamic Lit: poetry and music were intimately related; Literature rich in rhyme (often dominating poem) rhyming prose House of Wisdom: Dar al-Hikmet; opened by caliph Harun's son; Arabic translators of Greek, Persian, Syriac and Sanskrit manuscripts. |
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Islamic Art & Architecture |
Architecture: Minarets (tall slender towers) where prayers are called "muezzins; Mosque (Muslim church)with Niche (mihrab) on wall facing Mecca; Great Mosque of Cordoba Art: Avoiding symbols and face of Mohammad; Islamic motifs include geometric, floral, and calligraphic; Kufic (earliest form of Arabic script); illuminated manuscript: fluid strokes provide sole decor (red & yellow dots indicate vowels) |
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Medieval Europe: Germanic Influence |
Art: nomadic art; carpets, jewelry &weapons; cloisonne (enamel-work with semiprecious stones); niello (interlaced snakes); zoomorphic (animal shaped) Literature: epics of heroism; Beowolf (originates Anglo-Saxons recorded in Old English), The Song of Nibelungen (Burgundian tribe recorded in Old German) and Song of Roland (Frankish in Old French) |
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Medieval Europe: Charlemagne & Beginning of European Nations |
Charlemagne: Charles the Great; desired to restore Roman Empire under christian leadership; Conversion of Saxons, Lombards and Slavic along Danube; pushed Muslims into Spain; 800 Pope Leo III crowns Emperor of Romans; keep control w/ administrators called counts and dukes; learning revival |
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Medieval Europe: Abbey & Feudalism |
Abbey: Benedict monasteries established by Charlemagne; geometrical symmetrical layout; church was place of worship and shrine for relics Feudalism: After Charles death no tax, single unifying code, or standing army to hold all together; people attaching self to military nobility lead to feudalism (exchange of land for military service [fief or feudum]); vassal owed lord numbered days of fighting; land received in investiture procedure |
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Medieval Europe: William of Normandy & Invasion into England |
William of Normandy: Normandy established by Scandinavians (vikings or Northmam/Norman) invaded Northern Europe and established Normandy (largest fief in France); Invasion:1066 crossed English channel and defeated Harold (duke of Anglo Saxons) in Battle of Hastings; brought feudalism to England creating Domesday Book; William controlled all w/ aid of Curia Regis (Royal Court); Bayeux Tapestry records conquest; |
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Medieval Europe: Crusades |
Product of idealism and religious zeal; symptom of freedom and new mobility during High Medieval; Pope Urban II preached of taking back Jerusalem; Laypeople and clergy marched across Europe to Byzantine (some plundering and murdering entire Jewish sec of Cologne and Mainz; most just stole because primogeniture left youngest son with not money I: Recaptured Jerusalem; rest unsuccessful IV:1204; Venetians took trading posts in Aegean; Greed took over as sacked Constantinople; Children's Crusade 1212: FAIL All land taken in Crusade were lost by 1291 Muslims |
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Medieval Europe: Later Literature, Code of Courtly Love |
Literature: Crusades inspired Writings of historical fact, Christian lore, and stirring fiction; in Vernacular; birth of medieval romance (tales of love and adventure) Courtly Love: Longing of nobleman for unattainable woman with rules of wooing and winning the lady; |
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Locations on Map: |
Arabia: Saudi Arabia Asia Minor: Turkey Britain: Island off France Egypt: Near Red and Mediterranean Sea Gaul: France Germany: Northeastern France Hellas: Island near Crete Italy: Boot-shaped peninsula Mesopotamia: near Tigars and Euphrates Rivers Persia: Present day Iran Spain: Southern France Syria: Below Turkey; Touches Mediterranean |
