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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deductive approach
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Starts with the presentation of a rule and is followed by examples in which the rule is applied. (rule-driven learning)
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Inductive approach
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Starts with some examples from which a rule is inferred. (discovery learning)
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Metalanguage
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Language to talk about language
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Disadvantages of the deductive approach
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- May be off-putting to the students
- Encourages teacher-fronted, transmission-style classroom, discourages student involvement/interaction - Explanation is seldom as memorable as other forms of presentation. - Encourages belief that learning a language is simply a case of knowing the rules |
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Advantages of the deductive approach
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- It gets straight to the point, and can therefore be time-saving.
- Respects the intelligence and maturity of many students, and acknowledges the role of cognitive process in language acquisition - Confirms many students' expectation about classroom learning - Allows the teacher to deal with language points as they come up |
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What makes a good rule?
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Truth, limitation, clarity, simplicity, familiarity, and relevance.
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Truth of a rule
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While truthfulness may need to be compromised for the rule to stay clear and simple, the rule must bear some resemblance to the reality it's describing.
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Limitation of a rule
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Rules should show clearly what the limits are on the use of the given form.
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Clarity of a rule
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Rules should always be clear. Lack of clarity is often caused by ambiguity or obscure terminology (look who's talking.)
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Simplicity of a rule
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Rules should be simple. Lack of simplicity is often caused by too many sub-categories and sub-sub-categories in order to cover all possible instances and account for all possible exceptions of the rule.
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Familiarity of a rule
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An explanation should try to make use of concepts the students are already familiar with. Most learners will be familiar with concepts such as tense, for example, but not with concepts such as deontic and epistemic modality.
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Relevance of a rule
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A rule should only answer those questions that the learner needs answered.
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