Html Xiv- Computer Code Elements, Entities, Symbols, Charset & Url Encoding

Front 1

Back 1

E

Front 2

<kbd> element

Back 2

represents user input,

like keyboard input or voice commands.

## Text surrounded by <kbd> tags typ displayed browser's default monospace font

ex.<p>Save the document by pressing <kbd>Ctrl + S</kbd></p>

Front 3

<samp> element

Back 3

represents output from program or computing system.

##Text surrounded <samp> typ displayed browser's default monospace font

ex.

<p>If you input wrong value, the program will return <samp>Error!</samp></p>

Front 4

<code> element

Back 4

defines a fragment of computer code.

## text in <code> displayed moonscape font

ex.

<code>

x = 5;

y = 6;

z = x + y;

</code>

## can keep preformatted form w/ <pre>

Front 5

<var> element

Back 5

defines a variable (math or programming context)

ex.

<p>Einstein wrote: <var>E</var> = <var>mc</var>².</p>

Front 6

Define the text "var person;" as programming code.

Back 6

<code>var person</code>

Front 7

Define character "x" as a variable.

Back 7

<var>x</var>

Front 8

HTML Entities

Back 8

&entity_name;

OR

&#entity_number;

= displays reserved characters

ex. use < & > in text,

browser may conf w/ tags

ex. less than (<) sign

= '&It;' or '<'

##Browsers may not support all entity names, but the support for numbers is good.

## Entity name case-sensitive

Front 9

' ' OR ' ' character entity

Back 9

A non-breaking space

## 2 words seperated by nbsp won't break new line (ex. handy w/

10 km/h, 10 PM)

## also can prevent browsers truncating spaces in HTML pages.

Front 10

"‑" character entity

Back 10

The non-breaking hyphen

## hyphen character (‑) that won't break.

Front 11

Back 11

E

Front 12

diacritical mark

Back 12

a "glyph" added to a letter.

ex. accents grave( ̀) & acute( ́) ## can appear above, below, inside letter, & b/w 2 letters.

Front 13

Back 13

E

Front 14

https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_utf_math.asp

Back 14

E

Front 15

https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_utf_greek.asp

Back 15

E

Front 16

https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_utf_currency.asp

https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_utf_arrows.asp

https://www.w3schools.com/charsets/ref_utf_symbols.asp

Back 16

E

Front 17

How to display character set?

Back 17

<meta charset="UTF-8">

w/ charset attrib in meta tag

## HTML4:

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1">

### If browser detects ISO-8859-1 in web page, defaults to ANSI.

Front 18

Back 18

Front 19

ASCII Character Set

Back 19

defines 128 different alphanumeric (#s 0-9, EngLetters A-Z & some special characters like ! $ + - ( ) @ < >)

## 1st character encoding standard (also called character set).

(i) 0 to 31 (and 127) =

control characters

(ii) 32 to 126 = letters, digits & symbols.

## doesn't use 128 to 255.

Front 20

ANSI Character Set (Windows-1252)

Back 20

original Windows character set

## identical ISO-8859-1,

except has 32 extra characters.

(i) 0 to 127 = control characters, identical to ASCII

(ii) 128 to 159 = proprietary set characters

(iii) 160 to 255 = identical to UTF-8

Front 21

ISO-8859-1 Character Set

Back 21

default character set HTML 4

## supports 256 diff character codes.

(i) 0 to 127 = identical to ASCII

(ii) 128 to 159 = doesn't use

(iii) 160 to 255 = identical to UTF-8

Front 22

UTF-8 Character Set

Back 22

default character encoding HTML5

## covers almost all of the characters and symbols in the world

(i) 0 to 127 = identical to ASCII

(ii) 128 to 159= d/ use

(iii) 160 to 255 = identical both ANSI & 8859-1

(iv) continues from 256 w/ >10 000 diff characters.