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57 Cards in this Set
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Diamond suggests that wealth and poverty can be tied to the parts of theplanet that lie in temperate zones and those that fall in tropical zones. The two latitudinal tropics that appear to substantiate this argument are: |
tropic of cancer and capricorn |
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Diamond begins his argument for the case for geography and humandevelopment by suggesting that we have to find a time in human history when the vast majority of humanity was relatively equal. The point in history when this is the case is: |
13,000 years ago |
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In the United States, unions have often been the target of conservatives.One of the arguments that conservatives assert is that unions have forced American companies to abide by minimum wage laws. Senator Marco Rubio (R-Florida), a prominent Senate Republican and rising star in the Republican Party, argued that having governmental laws to impose a minimum wage of $9/hour will hurt the economy. While not stated explicitly, one could argue that Rubio’s assumptions are grounded in... |
austrian school- supply side economics |
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Capitalism has been able to be remarkably adaptable since its emergence inwestern Europe and the United States in the mid-1800s. However, many maintain that now, economic dominance has reached the level of the entire international economic system. The structural economic disparities of dominance in terms of wealth and power is sometimes called the north-south divide. What school of thought might best explain the disparities of wealth between the developed “north” and underdeveloped “south?” |
dependency and underdevelopment, MARXISM |
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According to Zakaria, which occurred first in the western “story?” |
LIBERTY |
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What might be meant when Zakaria uses the term “illiberal democracy?” |
Societies in which laws are enacted to protect the rights of minorities from the collective will of majorities |
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The colloquial expression “feels like home” is a reference to: |
Diamond’s arguments for latitudinal correlations to geographyand development |
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One of the reasons that many historians and international relations scholarspoint to the Peace of Westphalia is because: |
from the treaty emerges the idea of the nation-state |
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As the nation-state developed in western Europe in the 1800s, states ofrelatively equal military, economic, and political wealth and power aligned together. This became known as the balance of power structure in international relations before World War I. After the collapse of the balance of power international system twice (World War I and II), the Cold War was a ___________ world. After the end of the Cold War, the international system has been a _______world. |
Two Superpowers, One Superpower |
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Zakaria argues that the West’s movement toward democracy, liberty andconstitutionalism has been unparalleled anywhere else in the world. However, of these three, he appears to argue that one of them has been particularly important to assure “liberal democracy.” In his view, what provides some assurances of a liberal democratic tradition? |
constitutionalism and voting
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As discussed in our course, there have been events, epochs, and trendsthat have been unfolding in human history that we could argue have led to the current era of globalization. One significant set of shifts that are a part of this process was the transfer of sovereignty from __________ to the __________ which resulted in the Peace of Westphalia in ________. |
god-governed to the secular, 1648 |
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As African countries began to become independent, such as Ghana in1957, there was a growing conviction in the United States at universities that programs should be developed in African Studies. What academic association was founded the same year as Ghana’s independence? |
African Studies Association |
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Some Africanist scholars have suggested that it is helpful to think of theindependence of the African continent in waves. The last sub-Saharan country to achieve full independence (i.e. democratic elections for all her people) was ________________in the year_____________. |
South Africa, 1994 |
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Colonialism in Africa was justified in cultural, political and economic terms.Economic analyses have received some of the most attention from scholars, especially those writing in the Marxist tradition. The Berlin Conference, which took place in ______, divided the African continent amongst the major European powers. Why did the Berlin Conference occur when it did and not sooner? |
1885, after WWI the conference removed Germany’s African holdings and drew solid boundaries to reduce fights of African territories. It did not occur sooner because European countries wanted the resources (free labor, raw materials, markets) that Africa had to offer. |
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Using arguments from geography, Diamond argues there were twomilestone crops that had evolved after the end of a cooling period on the planet that had become hardy enough to withstand cooling temperatures. These crops are: |
barley and wheat |
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The Berlin Conference, while hosted by the Germans, was dominated bywhich two European countries? |
France and Great Britain |
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The birth of the African Studies Association coincided with theindependence of which African country under whose leadership? |
Ghana Kwame Nkrumah |
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When discussing the importance of animals, one might argue that twosignificant factors that are needed for the successful “head start” for development is that animals need to be: |
large, plant eating mammals |
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Like Economic Liberalism, which we will explore when we begindiscussing the three major approaches in international political economy, Modernization theorists are more apt to focus on inputs, rather than outcomes. Like Economic Liberals, Modernization theorists are more concerned with: |
industrialization: making sure individuals have the chance to bepart of the free market |
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As World War II was coming to a close, it was clear that western Europewas economically devastated by the war. The Allied Powers did not want to make the same mistake relative to Germany after World War I. What was this mistake? |
reparations the Germans couldn’t afford leading to very high inflation |
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One of the important characteristics of those who have a sanguine, oroptimistic view of globalization is that: |
its global in its reach and impact, an inevitable linear process |
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Modernization theories have been very effective in developing a systematicand comprehensive set of empirical data to measure attributes of democracy and development. While these have been useful, overconfidence in utilizing these measures often led to: |
a dismissal of external influences on politics (worries on how countries would develop) |
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As World War II was coming to a close, it was clear that western Europewas economically devastated by the war. The soon-to-be victorious western powers gathered to put into place two major economic packages, one to rebuild Europe and the other to develop the Third World. These two programs have come to be known as: |
World Bank and IMF |
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Many Third World, or developing countries as they are now referred to incurrent debates, have struggled to become integrated into the global economic and political order. Some argue, as we will see in Amy Chua’s World on Fire, that advocating both capitalism and liberal democracy in the era of globalization can potentially create ethnic tension, hatred, and instability. If Zakaria were responding to Chua’s argument, he might say something like: |
capitalism brought the fastest change in transferring power tothose that were systematically oppressed and created a middle class |
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Lusophone African colonies generally underwent a more violent wave ofindependence. These independence movements occurred in the ________ and were more informed by _______________ ideological perspectives. |
1970s, revolutionary/marxist |
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26. Early theories and approaches in modernization and political development assumed that tradition societies around the world would “naturally” shed their agrarian- based economic structures and urbanize and industrialize. However, modernization theorists failed to appreciate that during the colonial era in Africa, many colonial holdings in Africa were transformed from subsistence to ________economies and that this transformation would hinder their ability to develop in the modern era of the mid-20th century. |
cash crop (movement from nations to unified states) |
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Of the great revolutions in Europe, which three might lend themselves tothe argument that one needed a “strong state” to modernize and industrialize them? Think about when the countries offered as choices went through their revolutions in Europe. |
Germany, Italy, Russia |
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According to Khapoya, all of the following were factors that led to modernAfrican nationalism except: |
1. colonial oppresion, 2. missionary churches 3. World Wars 4. Pan- Africanism (an ideology and movement that encourages the solidarity of Africans worldwide) 5. UN (statists theory- the belief that the state should control either economic or social policy, or both, to some degree) |
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Unlike modernization theories, the schools of thought that undergirdDependency and Underdevelopment theories is that the situation in Africa can be better understood by ______________ factors as opposed to ___________________ factors. |
external; internal |
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As many African states began to experience political breakdown in the1960s, many African leaders began to argue for one-party regimes. When defending their positions, they would often point to the example set by the Soviet Union. They could have been arguing: |
socialism/communism |
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White settler colonial rule did not occur in most parts of western Africa.Reasons for this might have been: |
too tropical, and the climate conditions were to different, it isn’teconomical |
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While the colonial legacy left significant, and perhaps very negative effectson African societies across the continent, one might argue that some positive effects were... |
medicine, education, some infrastructure in order forgovernments to launch from, Islam and Christianity, state boundries (create v war forged) |
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While offered in a tongue and check fashion, the classic film The Godfathercan be used as an illustration to analyze the African situation. People who are distrustful of formalized institutions will tend to rely upon informal and more local sources of authority and power, especially those of one’s ethnic or people group. In modern times, scholars have come to term this as the _____________ problem in many African states. |
Can't find a definite answer to this one. Anna's answer of "patrons" will probably net some partial credit |
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While the Church is often viewed as anachronistic, dogmatic, andundemocratic, it can also be argued as the institution that began the story of ___________ in the West. |
liberty and democracy |
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The Statist School, reasserting the primacy of the state in Africa, focusedmore attention on |
state leadership |
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This country is often overlooked in the early years of African independence,with Kenya more in the limelight. However, Julius Nyerere, who was often referred to as “The Teacher,” was this country’s first president at independence. |
Tanzania, 1963 |
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Globalization is a difficult concept to define. It appears that Stegersuggests that one view globalization as a __________ as opposed to a |
set of processes instead of a single process |
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Zakaria’s subtitle, “Illiberal Democracy” suggests that it is important todistinguish between liberal democracy and illiberal democracy. The United States, arguably one of the oldest democracies in modern history, was illiberal for most of its history. The United States, according to Zakaria, moves to a liberal democracy with... |
expansion individual liberties and inclusive politics |
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There is a classic work in African Studies entitled No Shortcuts to Progress.Recognizing that you have no idea about this book, if I were to hint that Goran Hyden could use Zakaria’s arguments about the relationship between capitalism and democracy, Hyden might argue that..... |
change and dynamism provides protection and property rights |
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Ritzer encourages us to think about Globalization processes in five waysas outlined in Chapter Two of his book, which is on blackboard as a reading for this course. Two views appear to suggest that there are points in history that we can call globalization. One of them is listed below. Which one is listed here? |
hardwired, epochs, cycles, events, broad and more recentchanges |
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According to Chazan, while Statist approaches attempted to “bring thestate back in” as the main unit of analysis, their approaches have been criticized for having: |
a top down approach |
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As the optimism of modernization and political development theorieswaned because of failed states across the African continent in the late 1960s and into the 1970s, many scholars and others argued that African progress has been, and continues to be, impeded by forces bent on the ongoing systematic exploitation of the continent and its resources. These primarily capitalist interests could only be held at bay if the global system underwent a fundamental change that would alter the structural relations between the Third World and the industrialized world. What school of thought is this? |
dependency and underdevelopment |
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Some scholars, political leaders, talk-show hosts, practitioners, folks inbusiness argue that the reason why the United States is showing signs of struggling in the global economy is due to the fact that the U.S. economy no longer has enough of a manufacturing base. Manufacturing produces a “chain” of workers from production to delivery to customer service. For instance, in the 1980s, some data suggests that 21% of the U.S. economy was based in manufacturing and in 2008 that percentage has fallen close to 10%. The over-eagerness to deregulate and let the “free market” be the “global invisible hand” has resulted in many manufacturing, and even, service-related, jobs being outsourced in other countries where labor is cheaper for companies. While this might be desirable for corporate multi-national entities, these changes are threatening the middle class in the United States. The state needs to impose tariffs, place “caps” on trade, and employ other measures to protect American jobs at home. In fact, a recent democratic contender for the governorship of Michigan made some of these arguments. From some of the concepts in our course, this sounds like... |
Keynsian Economics |
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One of the “globalizing” trends that some argue began in the West was thegradual unfolding of individual liberty to more and more peoples in society and the world. In Chapter Five in Khapoya, which concept began to sweep across many parts of the African continent, and indeed, throughout the African Diaspora, that incorporated many of the promises of liberty and self-determination that were the hallmarks of the Atlantic Charter? |
Pan- Africanism |
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In the Commanding Heights DVD, we witness the intellectual trajectories ofKeynes and von Hayek. I tried to encourage you to pay attention to what milestone events “informed” the worldview when these men were young and living through the Great Depression and the World Wars. According to the narrative, Keynes was deeply affected by _____________ in Great Britain after the Depression and von Hayek was deeply affected by _____________in Vienna in the 1920s before the crash of the economy. |
unemployment and inflation |
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Today, many conservative governors in selected states such as Indianaand Wisconsin are “right to work” states. These governors argue that workers should have the right to work at whatever wage they can negotiate with an employer and an employer should be free to negotiate with a worker a wage that both can agree upon. Liberals argue that “right to work” language is a euphemism that obscures the lack of real protection of workers relative to companies. Instead, the state, or unions, should work alongside workers to insure a “livable” wage. Again, while not stated explicitly, liberals are drawing upon.... |
Keynsian Economics |
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For a Keynesian, ___________drives the economy. |
governments |
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For a von Hayekian , ___________drives the economy. |
free markets |
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What was the name of the agreements that put into place many of the post-World War II international institutions such as World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF)? |
Bretton Woods Conference |
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One could argue, and the place at which I stopped the CommandingHeights DVD, that the Labour Party in Great Britain prevailed over Churchill after the war. Because Churchill was more inclined to agree with von Hayek’s perspectives, many argued Churchill could not “keep the peace.” Which conservative British Prime Minister is most often credited with attempting to undo the “Keynesian” welfare state? |
Margaret Thatcher |
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According to Steger, While Global Studies (GS) and International Relations(IR) have some similarities, their differences far outweigh their similarities. Traditional IR perspectives focus on....... |
security and actions of state |
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53. Beatrice Webb was similar to John Maynard Keynes in that she viewed the government as.... |
welfare state |
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While many Keynesians went to the London School of Economics andthen Harvard, many of the Austrian School protegees began teaching careers at......... |
University of Chicago |
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Even though many observers argue that Christianity and missionarychurches disrupted traditional African spiritual traditions, one positive aspect that Christianity provided to bloster African nationalism was Christianity’s view that.... |
a less time intensive belief, individual salvation had rules, promoted literacy, self-help |
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According to Steger, citing Vincent Cable, the year 1992 is indicated as acircle for the countries represented. When one looks at the circle of the United States as compared to China, one might conclude that.... |
(Graph is on page 46 of Globalization: A Very Short Intro) The graph shows that China had a large amount of state ownership before 1992 and a large amount of private ownership after. The US has very little growth on either side. One can conclude that China is rapidly growing while the US is beginning to stagnate economically. |
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The two major colonial powers, Great Britain and France, used differentstyles of administration to govern their colonial empires. One of the major features of indirect rule is.... |
Rule of the country is left to the local leaders, but they lose control over their country's external affairs |
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Fulcher suggests that there have been three iterations of capitalism. Whichone of the three, mercantilism, industrial, and financial, was most effective at creating efficiency, mechanization, and facilitating a consumerist economy that would emerge in many Western countries after World War II? |
industrial |
