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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Natural systems |
The current system for the scientific classification of plants based on the genetic and evolutionary relationships among plants |
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Binomial nomenclature |
Plants are given their scientific names by using the genus and species in which they are classified |
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Variety |
A classification of a plant that recognizes some characteristic distinguishing it from others of the same species |
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Cultivar |
An intentionally cultivated variety whose continuance is due primarily to propagation by horticulturists |
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Forma |
group of plants within a species that are not distinctive enough to compromise a variety, yet stand apart in some way |
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Fibrous |
A network of roots reaching out horizontally and vertically throughout the soil |
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Tap roots |
When one central root grows larger and is more dominant than the others |
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Adventitious roots |
Roots that develop from stems in some plants such as philodendron and from leaves and cut stems of various plants being propagated vegatively |
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Chlorophyll |
Green pigment necessary for photosynthesis and located within the plastids of the plant cell |
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Photosynthesis |
Process unique to green plants in which sugar is manufactured from water and carbon dioxide in the presence of chlorophyll. Light energy drives the chemical reaction and oxygen is released in the process |
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Cones |
Reproductive structures of conifers such as pines, spruce, firs |
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Flowers |
Epitomize the peak of evolutionary development in plants and make the flowering plants dominate in the plant kingdom |
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Complete flower |
Possesses all organs (sepals, petals, stamen, pistil) |
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Incomplete flower |
Lacks one or more floral organ (sepals, petal, stamen, pistil) |
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Perfect flower |
Has both stamen and pistil |
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Imperfect flower |
Lacks stamen or pistil |
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Pistillate |
imperfect flower with only pistil |
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Staminate |
Imperfect flower with only stamen |
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Monoecious |
Name given when both pistillate and staminate flowers occur on the same plants |
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Dioecious |
Name given when both pistillate and staminate flowers occur on separate plants |
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Parenchyma cells |
Specialized cells comprising the cortex and pith tissues in stems and spongy mesophyll tissue in leaves |
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Collenchyma cells |
Specialized to provide plants the structural strength for support |
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Sclerenchyma cells |
Have the thickest walls and involved in structural support |
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Sclerids |
Cells that assume assorted other globular shapes and form the pits in cherries and peaches |
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Vascular bundles |
Conducting tissue of a plant and composed of xylem and the phloem |
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Xylem |
Carries water and minerals upward |
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Phloem |
Carries minerals and water downward |
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Monocotyledons (monocots) |
Plants that have one cotyledon (seed leaf) |
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Dicotyledons (dicots) |
Plants that have two cotyledon (seed leaf) |
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Cambium |
Tissue in stems that produces the xylem and phloem |
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Stomata |
Small openings, usually on the lower side of the leaf. Where transpiration and respiration occur |
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Transpiration |
Loss of water vapor from the plant |
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Cuticle |
Waxy layer exterior to the epidermis, composed of cutin and water resistant |
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Xanthophyll |
Common pigment in plants responsible for yellow coloring |
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Carotene |
Common pigment in plants responsible for orange coloring |
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Anthocyanin |
Common pigment in plants responsible for red coloring |
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Apical meristem |
Tissue at root or stem where growth is most rapid |
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Root cap |
Protects apical meristem as root presses soil |
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Embryo |
Entire plant before germination |
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Seed coat |
Tissue that surrounds the embryo which functions to protect the seed from moisture loss, injury, or unfavorable conditions |
