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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which glucocorticoid is important in cancer therapy?
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Dexamethasone |
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What are the indications for glucocorticoids in cancer therapy? |
ALL, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, brain tumors. It can also decrease nausea caused by cytotoxic agents. |
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What is the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids in cancer therapy? |
Glucocorticoids have an antiproliferative effect on lymphocytes. |
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Name some oestrogen antagonists (selective oestrogen receptor modulators) used in cancer therapy |
Tamoxifen, raloxifene, fulvestrant
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What are the indications for selective oestrogen receptor modulators in cancer therapy?
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Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. |
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What is the most important adverse effect of selective oestrogen receptor modulators? |
They increase the risk of endometrial cancer as they act as agonists in the endometrium. |
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Name some aromatase inhibitors used in cancer therapy |
Formestane, exemestane, ... |
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What are the indications for aromatase inhibitors? |
Oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, especially for tamoxifen-resistant tumors. |
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Name some synthetic progesterones used in cancer therapy |
Megestrol, medroxyprogesterone |
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What are the indications for synthetic progesterones in cancer therapy? |
Metastatic endometrial and breast cancer |
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What is the mechanism of action of synthetic progesterones in cancer therapy? |
These drugs provide negative feedback on the pituitary, reducing the secretion of FSH and LH, which in turn decreases the level of oestrogen and androgens. |
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Name some antiprogesterones used in cancer therapy
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Mifepristone |
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What are the indications for antiprogesterones in cancer therapy?
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Progesterone receptor-positive breast cancer |
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Name some androgen receptor antagonists used in cancer therapy |
Flutamide, nilutamide |
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What are the indications for androgen receptor antagonists in cancer therapy?
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Prostate cancer. Often used with GnRh analogues/antagonists and orchidectomy |
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Name some 5α-reductase inhibitors used in cancer therapy |
Finasteride, dutasteride |
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What is the mechanism of action of 5α-reductase inhibitors? |
They inhibit 5α-reductase, the enzyme which converts testosterone into more potent DHT in the prostate. |
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What are the indications for5α-reductase inhibitors? |
Prostate cancer |
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Name some GnRH agonists used in cancer therapy
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Buserelin, goserelin, ... |
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What are the indications for GnRH agonists and antagonists in cancer therapy?
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To induce chemical castration, which treats breast cancer and prostate cancer. |
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What is the mechanism of action of GnRH agonists? |
The synthetic GnRH agonists are many times more potent than endogenous GnRH. Giving GnRH agonists continuously causes an initial increase in FSH and LH, but after this the pituitary will downregulate GnRH receptors. This results in a decrease in FSH and LH secretion as long as the treatment continues. This is called medical or chemical castration. |
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Name some GnRH antagonists
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Degarelix |
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What is the mechanism of action of GnRH antagonists? |
GnRH antagonists block GnRH receptors on the pituitary, which decreases the production of FSH and LH. |
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Name some somatostatin analogues used in cancer therapy. |
Octreotide, lanreotide |
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What are the indications for somatostatin analogues in cancer therapy? |
Neuroendocrine tumors: Gastrinoma, carcinoid syndrome, VIPoma, insulinoma, glucagonoma. |
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Name some dopamine receptor agonists used in cancer therapy
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Bromocriptine |
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What are the indications for dopamine receptor agonists in cancer therapy? |
Prolactinoma
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