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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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superficial dissection of face |
facial artery - from the external carotid, runs in front of the facial vein - tortuous (unlike the facial vein) - divides to superior labial branch and inferior labial branch, which anastomose
superior temporal artery - from the maxillary branch of the external carotid
main veins drain in to the internal jugular
5 groups of branches of facial nerve
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muscles of facial expression |
all the muscles of facial expression are innervated by the facial nerve |
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describe each of the three salivary glands include a wee picture |
parotid gland * below zygomatic arch, in front of the mastoid process* largest salivary gland * facial nerve and it’s main branches are embedded within the gland * not obvious on palpation unless pathology * parasympathetic innervation * secretes via parotid duct into the mouth at the level of the second upper molar tooth * 25% of saliva produced here * roughly round * can be palpated along the lower border of the mandible * secretes via submandibular duct into the floor of the mouth * 70% of saliva produced here * almond shaped * lies beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth * secrete though 12 minute ducts directly into floor of the mouth, or into the submandibular duct * 5% of saliva produced here * made up of acini (consisting of serous and mucous cells), which form lobules, which are surrounded by a fibrous capsule |
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tell em about saliva |
* 1.5L saliva produced daily * mostly water * ions * buffers * waste products * metabolites * enzymes * facilitates swallowing * aids speech * initiates digestion (α amylase) * IgA and lysosomes help control the level of oral bacteria |
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danger of severing a salivary duct |
* cyst that arises in connection with minor salivary glands
* Common and are usually superficial * Appear as a blue/translucent swelling just under the lining of the mouth * History of bursting, collapsing then refilling which may be repeated * Common cause is trauma * Treatment of choice is surgical removal * If small can be left alone with no surgical intervention |
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clinical tests for trigeminal nerve function |
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) is involved in sensory supply to the face and motor supply to the muscles of mastication. There are 3 sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. Initially test the sensory branches by lightly touching the face with a piece of cotton wool followed by a blunt pin in three places on each side of the face: • around the jawline, • on the cheek and, • on the forehead. The corneal reflex should also be examined as the sensory supply to the cornea is from this nerve. Do this by lightly touching the cornea with the cotton wool. This should cause the patient to shut |
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clinical tests for facial nerve |
Trigeminal nerve (CN V) is involved in sensory supply to the face and motor supply to the muscles of mastication. There are 3 sensory branches of the trigeminal nerve: ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular. Initially test the sensory branches by lightly touching the face with a piece of cotton wool followed by a blunt pin in three places on each side of the face: • around the jawline, • on the cheek and, • on the forehead. The corneal reflex should also be examined as the sensory supply to the cornea is from this nerve. Do this by lightly touching the cornea with the cotton wool. This should cause the patient to shut |
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tell me a little about agencies and what not working to reduce violence in Scotland |
Violence reduction unit aims
- to reduce violent crime and behaviour by working with partner agencies to achieve long-term societal and attitudinal change - focus on enforcement, to contain and manage individuals who carry weapons or who are involved in violent behaviour. - explore best practices and develop sustainable, innovative solutions to this deep rooted problem.
Medics against violence * MAV aims to prevent violence before it happens * using our experiences, we can help young people stay safe by giving them an understanding of the consequences of violence and how to avoid it |
